Life Science

Question 0

What two ways does biologist Carl Woese propose for organizing life?

Answer 0

Six kingdoms or three domains

Question 1

What are the seven levels of classification if living organisms?

Answer 1

King Philip came over for green spaghetti. 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 2

Who was Carolus Linnaeus?

Answer 2

His work was used as a basis for today’s current classification system. We use genus and species classifications to form the scientific name of organism.

Question 3

What is the basic unit of life?

Answer 3

Cells because they are capable of complex biochemical processes that enable organisms to maintain themselves, grow, develop and reptoduce

Question 4

What is homeostasis?

Answer 4

The ability to maintain the status quo, or proper levels of energy, water, waste, temperature, hormones, nutrients, etc to function properly.

Question 5

Why aren’t we giant cells?

Answer 5

As the volume increases in the cell, the membrane is unable to keep up with the growth, therefore cells cooperate in order to form larger organisms

Question 6

What are tissues?

Answer 6

Groups of cells of any given typ (muscle, nerve, etc) that form the organ of living plants and animals.

Question 7

How do organs typically work?

Answer 7

They have specific functions yet generally work in conjunction with other organs to comprise body systems such as the cardiovascular system.

Question 8

What are the two major plant groups?

Answer 8

Vascular (vessels differentiated roots, leaves, stems) and non Vascular (no vessels no roots or stems includes mosses)

Question 9

What are the two divisions of vascular plants?

Answer 9

Seed plants and Seedless plants (they live close to water)

Seeds allow the embryo to survive long periods in unfavorable conditions

Question 10

What are the two basic functions of stems?

Answer 10

Hold leaves up for sunlight and conduct various substances between roots and leaves

Question 11

What is mesophyll?

Answer 11

The specialized cell that composes most leaf tissue. The contain chloroplasts that perform most of the plants photosynthesis

Question 12

Aerobic Respiration
Step 1
What is glycolysis?

Answer 12

In the cytoplasm, glucose molecules are broken apart using the energy from 2 ATP molecules in this process, resulting in a release of 4 ATP for a net of two molecules?

Question 13

What is the most important idea behind aerobic respiration?

Answer 13

For a total investment if 2 ATP initially along with a supply of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide, our cells can produce a total of 36 ATP molecules to operate the various processes inside the cell.

Question 14

Mitosis

Answer 14

The copying and division of the genetic material in the nucleus and is followed by cell division; occurs in body (somatic) cells

Question 15

Meiosis

Answer 15

Specialized form if mitosis that occurs in reproductive tissues only, however the gamete (sex cell) will have only one set of 23 chromosomes and will only be complete at fertilization where a second set of chromosomes will be supplied by other parent to make a complete paired set

Question 16

Bacteria

Answer 16

Single cells prokaryotic organism (cells lacking a true nucleus);

Question 17

Viruses

Answer 17

Entities consisting of RNA in some type of protein coating that are capable of penetrating our bodies to reproduce themselves

Question 18

What are the body’s two major types of defenses against disease?

Answer 18

Nonspecific (skin, white blood cells, etc) that target any invading cells)

Specific: additional whit blood cells that target invading organisms

Question 19

How do rain forests move water into the atmosphere?

Answer 19

Transpiration

Question 20

In the nitrogen cycle, what does assimilation describe?

Answer 20

The intake of ammonium by pants and the animals that eat them

Question 21

What would autotrophs, organisms capable of producing their own “food” be considered as?

Answer 21

Primary producers

Question 22

The food chain is arranged by what trophic levels?

Answer 22

Producers, consumers ( primary, secondary, tertiary) and decomposes

Question 23

What are most organisms dependent upon because of their inability to use atmospheric nitrogen?

Answer 23

The nitrogen cycle. Aquatic/terrestrial bacteria convert nitrogen to ammonium which is taken into the tissues of plants which are fed upon by other organisms (assimilation) and their waste and decomposing bodies supply soil with essential nitrogen for food and crops to grow

Question 24

Where is the pituitary gland?

Answer 24

In the brain. It secrets a variety if hormones.

Question 25

What are the four principal phases of mitosis?

Answer 25

Prophase: DNA condenses into chromosomes
Metaphase: microtubules appear and DNA aligns itself in a straight line
Anaphase: microtubules pull chromosomes apart
Telophase: new nuclear membranes appear

…in cytokinesis cells split apart

Question 26

Respiration (plants)

Answer 26

Process whereby plant cells create energy from food

Question 27

What type of tissue covers and protects the outside of vascular plants?

Answer 27

Dermal tissue which may contain waxy epidermal cells, guard cells around openings in leaves, or outgrowths in the epidermis known as trichomes.