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Life Science Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the most basic unit of an organism?

A

Cell

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2
Q

What do we call anything that causes a reaction in organisms?

A

Stimuli

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3
Q

Name the classification hierarchy

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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4
Q

What is the name of the system used to classify organisms? Who invented it?

A

Binomial nomenclature
Carolus Linnaeus

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5
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms?

A

Plant, animal, fungi, protists, archaebacteria, eubacteria

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6
Q

What is a strand of hereditary information enclosed in a protein coat?

A

Virus

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7
Q

What is a virus that infects bacteria?

A

Bacteriophage

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8
Q

What do we call the proteins our bodies produce to interfere with viruses?

A

Interferons

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9
Q

Who observed the first cell?

A

Robert Hooke in the 1660s

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10
Q

What is the general term for parts of the cell?

A

Organelles

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11
Q

What holds the cell together and controls flow in and out of cell?

A

Cell membrane (semi-permeable)

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12
Q

What makes up the cell wall of plants and fungi?

A

Cellulose - plants
Chitin -fungi

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13
Q

What is the jelly like substance in the cell? What are the fibers and tubes that give it structure?

A

Cytoplasm and cytoskeleton

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14
Q

What makes proteins inside the cell

A

Ribosomes

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15
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Code for genetic information

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16
Q

What produces ribosomes?

A

Nucleolus- small structure inside nucleus that makes ribosomes and transports them to cytoplasm

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17
Q

Whar are the bubbles produced in cells to store waste, food and water?

A

Vacuoles

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18
Q

What part of a cell breaks down food, cell waste and foreign particles

A

Lysosome

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19
Q

What part of a cell releases energy?

A

Mitochondria

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20
Q

What is the transport facility? Made of folded membranes?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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21
Q

What are a group of different cells that do a similar job called?

A

Tissue

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22
Q

What are a group of similar tissues working together called?

A

Organ

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23
Q

Passive transport where molecules move from area of high concentration to low concentration

A

Diffusion (osmosis when it is water molecules)

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24
Q

What protein is used for active transport in and out of a cell

A

ATP adeninosine triphosphate

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25
Q

What is the collection of all of the chemical reactions that allow a cell to survive

A

Metabolism

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26
Q

What is the chemical reaction a plant Carrie’s out to produce energy from sunlight

A

Photosynthesis

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27
Q

When glucose in food reacts with oxygen producing carbon dioxide, water and energy in the mitochondria

A

Cellular respiration

28
Q

Chemical reaction that releases energy from breakdown of food where there is no oxygen

A

Fermentation (alcoholic, lactic acid)

29
Q

WhT are molecules that help a chemical reaction proceed

A

Enzymes

30
Q

What is the process of cell division where the nucleus is divided

A

Mitosis (only for Eukaryotes)

31
Q

What is process of cell division for simple cells (prokaryotes)

A

Binary fission

32
Q

Plants that reproduce using runners that grow roots are doing what?

A

Vegetative propagation

33
Q

When a piece of plant breaks off and starts a new plant

A

Fragmentation

34
Q

When a male and female propagate by combining genetic material

A

Sexual reproduction

35
Q

Joining together of a sperm cell and egg is called?

A

Fertilization

36
Q

Cell that results from fertilization

A

Zygote

37
Q

The teeth of the DNA zipper are made of?

A

Nitrogen bases
Adenite - a
Thymine- T
Cytosine - C
Guanine - G

A Trait Could Grow

38
Q

Fashioned froM DNA strands this strand is a pattern or mold from which proteins are made

A

RNA -Ribonucleic Acid
MRNA - messenger
rRNA - ribosomal
tRNA - Transfer

39
Q

What are segments of DNA strands that code for specific traits?

A

Genes

40
Q

What are molecules that are made by stringing together amino acids?

A

Proteins

41
Q

Where are proteins made in cells?

A

The ribosomes

42
Q

What is the green pigment in plants

A

Chlorophyll

43
Q

What are the other pigments in plants that aren’t green

A

Carotenoids (red, orange and yellow)

44
Q

What is the waxy protective layer that helps plants conserve water?

A

Cuticle

45
Q

What are the tubelike cells that when stacked together form vessels that distribute water from roots?

A

Xylem

46
Q

What are the tubelike cells that form tubes to distribute food in a plant?

A

Phloem

47
Q

What are the cells that produce xylem and phloem cells?

A

Cambium

48
Q

What are the small reproductive units for plants that don’t seed?

A

Spores

49
Q

What are the tiny stringy structures in place of roots on non vascular plants like moss

A

Rhizoids

50
Q

What are the organs of a plant where photosynthesis takes place?

A

Leaves

51
Q

What are the plants where seeds are in fruit?

A

Angiosperms

52
Q

What are the layers/parts of a leaf?

A

Epidermis
Stomata - openings to exchange gas
Palisade layer - contains chloroplasts
Spongy layer loose Ky packed w/air povkets

53
Q

What are the female parts of a plant?

A

Stigma (ovary and pistol)

54
Q

What are the males parts of the plant?

A

Stamen

55
Q

When a plant grows towards light?

A

Phototropism

56
Q

When a plant adjusts growth in response to stimuli (light, walls, gravity)?

A

Tropism

57
Q

What is it when a plant releases water vapor in to the environment?

A

Transpiration

58
Q

When a plant stops growing and activity (tree in winter)

A

Dormant

59
Q

Any behavior or structure that allows organism to survive in its environment?

A

Adaptation

60
Q

When an animal is inactive during cold/winter?

A

Hibernation

61
Q

When an animal is inactive during warm weather /summer?

A

Estivation

62
Q

What are 3 kinds of mammals?

A

Monotremes - platypus, echidnas
Marsupials - oppossum, kangaroo
Placentals

63
Q

What are the structures that carry out gas exchange with water?

A

Gills

64
Q

What is the internal balloon like structure that inflates/deflates to help fish rise or sink

A

Swim bladder

65
Q

Two types of fish based on structure

A

Cartilaginous (sharks and rays)
Bony fish

66
Q

What is least common blood type?

A

AB negative

67
Q

What is most common blood typed?

A

O positive

Science (9 decks)

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