Life Science Flashcards
What is the most basic unit of an organism?
Cell
What do we call anything that causes a reaction in organisms?
Stimuli
Name the classification hierarchy
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
What is the name of the system used to classify organisms? Who invented it?
Binomial nomenclature
Carolus Linnaeus
What are the 6 kingdoms?
Plant, animal, fungi, protists, archaebacteria, eubacteria
What is a strand of hereditary information enclosed in a protein coat?
Virus
What is a virus that infects bacteria?
Bacteriophage
What do we call the proteins our bodies produce to interfere with viruses?
Interferons
Who observed the first cell?
Robert Hooke in the 1660s
What is the general term for parts of the cell?
Organelles
What holds the cell together and controls flow in and out of cell?
Cell membrane (semi-permeable)
What makes up the cell wall of plants and fungi?
Cellulose - plants
Chitin -fungi
What is the jelly like substance in the cell? What are the fibers and tubes that give it structure?
Cytoplasm and cytoskeleton
What makes proteins inside the cell
Ribosomes
What does DNA stand for
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Code for genetic information
What produces ribosomes?
Nucleolus- small structure inside nucleus that makes ribosomes and transports them to cytoplasm
Whar are the bubbles produced in cells to store waste, food and water?
Vacuoles
What part of a cell breaks down food, cell waste and foreign particles
Lysosome
What part of a cell releases energy?
Mitochondria
What is the transport facility? Made of folded membranes?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What are a group of different cells that do a similar job called?
Tissue
What are a group of similar tissues working together called?
Organ
Passive transport where molecules move from area of high concentration to low concentration
Diffusion (osmosis when it is water molecules)
What protein is used for active transport in and out of a cell
ATP adeninosine triphosphate
What is the collection of all of the chemical reactions that allow a cell to survive
Metabolism
What is the chemical reaction a plant Carrie’s out to produce energy from sunlight
Photosynthesis
When glucose in food reacts with oxygen producing carbon dioxide, water and energy in the mitochondria
Cellular respiration
Chemical reaction that releases energy from breakdown of food where there is no oxygen
Fermentation (alcoholic, lactic acid)
WhT are molecules that help a chemical reaction proceed
Enzymes
What is the process of cell division where the nucleus is divided
Mitosis (only for Eukaryotes)
What is process of cell division for simple cells (prokaryotes)
Binary fission
Plants that reproduce using runners that grow roots are doing what?
Vegetative propagation
When a piece of plant breaks off and starts a new plant
Fragmentation
When a male and female propagate by combining genetic material
Sexual reproduction
Joining together of a sperm cell and egg is called?
Fertilization
Cell that results from fertilization
Zygote
The teeth of the DNA zipper are made of?
Nitrogen bases
Adenite - a
Thymine- T
Cytosine - C
Guanine - G
A Trait Could Grow
Fashioned froM DNA strands this strand is a pattern or mold from which proteins are made
RNA -Ribonucleic Acid
MRNA - messenger
rRNA - ribosomal
tRNA - Transfer
What are segments of DNA strands that code for specific traits?
Genes
What are molecules that are made by stringing together amino acids?
Proteins
Where are proteins made in cells?
The ribosomes
What is the green pigment in plants
Chlorophyll
What are the other pigments in plants that aren’t green
Carotenoids (red, orange and yellow)
What is the waxy protective layer that helps plants conserve water?
Cuticle
What are the tubelike cells that when stacked together form vessels that distribute water from roots?
Xylem
What are the tubelike cells that form tubes to distribute food in a plant?
Phloem
What are the cells that produce xylem and phloem cells?
Cambium
What are the small reproductive units for plants that don’t seed?
Spores
What are the tiny stringy structures in place of roots on non vascular plants like moss
Rhizoids
What are the organs of a plant where photosynthesis takes place?
Leaves
What are the plants where seeds are in fruit?
Angiosperms
What are the layers/parts of a leaf?
Epidermis
Stomata - openings to exchange gas
Palisade layer - contains chloroplasts
Spongy layer loose Ky packed w/air povkets
What are the female parts of a plant?
Stigma (ovary and pistol)
What are the males parts of the plant?
Stamen
When a plant grows towards light?
Phototropism
When a plant adjusts growth in response to stimuli (light, walls, gravity)?
Tropism
What is it when a plant releases water vapor in to the environment?
Transpiration
When a plant stops growing and activity (tree in winter)
Dormant
Any behavior or structure that allows organism to survive in its environment?
Adaptation
When an animal is inactive during cold/winter?
Hibernation
When an animal is inactive during warm weather /summer?
Estivation
What are 3 kinds of mammals?
Monotremes - platypus, echidnas
Marsupials - oppossum, kangaroo
Placentals
What are the structures that carry out gas exchange with water?
Gills
What is the internal balloon like structure that inflates/deflates to help fish rise or sink
Swim bladder
Two types of fish based on structure
Cartilaginous (sharks and rays)
Bony fish
What is least common blood type?
AB negative
What is most common blood typed?
O positive
