Life Science

Question 1

living things have physical entities and biological processes such as….

Answer 1

homestasis, cell division, celluar respiration and photosynthesis

Question 2

cell theory made up what three components?

Answer 2

all living things are composed of cells
the cell is the smallest unit of life
all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 3

what is a prokaryote

Answer 3

unicelluar organism that lacks a nucleus, mitochandria, or any other membrane bound organelle

Question 4

what two domains are prokaryotes divided into?

Answer 4

archaea and bacteria

Question 5

what is a eukaryote?

Answer 5

multicelluar organism that contains a nuclues, mitochondria, and membrane bound organelles

Question 6

what are animal and plant cells considered? an eukaryote or prokaryote?

Answer 6

eukaryote

Question 7

what is celluar respiration?

Answer 7

process of taking in food in the form of carbohydrates. animals do this.

Question 8

what is photosythesis?

Answer 8

using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight and turning them into carbohydrates. plants do this.

Question 9

what are the two main types of reproduction in living things?

Answer 9

asexual and sexual

Question 10

what is sexual?

Answer 10

involves two parents

Question 11

what is asexual?

Answer 11

involves only 1 parent

Question 12

what are the four main types of asexual reproduction?

Answer 12

binary fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis

Question 13

what is binary fission/

Answer 13

when a single parent cells doubles its DNA. usually occurs in bacteria

Question 14

what is budding?

Answer 14

small growth breaks off the parent to continue to grow

Question 15

what is fragmentation?

Answer 15

piece of organism breaks off and develops into new organism

Question 16

what are four main phases of mitosis?

Answer 16

prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

Question 17

what is the first step in mitosis? and what happens?

Answer 17

prophase. nuclear membrane starts to disappear, DNA begins to coil into chromosomes making it easier to be pulled a part

Question 18

what is the second step in mitosis? and what happens?

Answer 18

metaphase. chromosomes line up in the middle. spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes in the middle

Question 19

what is the third step in mitosis? and what happens?

Answer 19

anaphase. spindle fibers begin to pull chromosomes a part. The halves of the chromosomes pull toward opposite sides

Question 20

what is the last step in mitosis? and what happens?

Answer 20

telophase. the cell splits into two identical cells. the nucleus in both cells begins to appear and surround the DNA

Question 21

what does meiosis ensure?

Answer 21

that humans have the same number of chromosomes in each generation.

Question 22

what is trisomy?

Answer 22

cells do not split chromosomes correctly

Question 23

where is DNA mainly located in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 23

the nucleus

Question 24

what do amino acids form?

Answer 24

proteins

Question 25

what is the process of DNA replication?

Answer 25

1. DNA unzips
   2.free flowing nucleotides bind to the unzipped portion of the DNA
2. two identical DNA strands are the result

Question 26

what is a gene?

Answer 26

a basic physical and functional unit of heredity

Question 27

every person has how many copies of each gene?

Answer 27

two, one from each parent

Question 28

what are alleles?

Answer 28

same gene with slight differences in their sequence of DNA bases

Question 29

what is metamorphosis?

Answer 29

process of transformation from an immature form to an adult form

Question 30

what is complete metamorphosis?

Answer 30

going through stages to change into something else

Question 31

what is incomplete metamorphosis?

Answer 31

goes through several nymphal. they grow, but do not change into something else.

Question 32

what is evolution?

Answer 32

change that happens over thousands of years/

Question 33

what does adaptation mean ?

Answer 33

distribution of traits in the population that is matched to and can change with environmental conditions

Question 34

what does mutations mean?

Answer 34

changes in the DNA molecule caused by mistakes during cell division

Question 35

what’s the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?

Answer 35

presence of a backbone

Question 36

what does open circulatory system mean?

Answer 36

blood is pumped into the body cavity and is not enclosed in blood vessels

Question 37

what does closed circulatory system mean?

Answer 37

blood is pumped by the heart and is enclosed in blood vessels

Question 38

what does producers mean in a food web?

Answer 38

produce their own food from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. bottom of the food chain

Question 39

what are consumers?

Answer 39

eat their food

Question 40

what are primary consumers?

Answer 40

they are herbivores, they eat plants

Question 41

what are secondary consumers?

Answer 41

they eat [rimary consumer

Question 42

what are tertiary consumers?

Answer 42

they eat the secondary consumers and are usually carnivores

Question 43

what are quaternanry consumers?

Answer 43

eat the tertiary consumers and are carnivores

Question 44

what are decomposers?

Answer 44

turn dead animals into soil by recylcing nutrients as food

Question 45

what is carrying capacity ?

Answer 45

maximum population of a particular organism that a given environment can support without detrimental effects.