Life Science Flashcards
living things have physical entities and biological processes such as….
homestasis, cell division, celluar respiration and photosynthesis
cell theory made up what three components?
all living things are composed of cells
the cell is the smallest unit of life
all cells come from pre-existing cells
what is a prokaryote
unicelluar organism that lacks a nucleus, mitochandria, or any other membrane bound organelle
what two domains are prokaryotes divided into?
archaea and bacteria
what is a eukaryote?
multicelluar organism that contains a nuclues, mitochondria, and membrane bound organelles
what are animal and plant cells considered? an eukaryote or prokaryote?
eukaryote
what is celluar respiration?
process of taking in food in the form of carbohydrates. animals do this.
what is photosythesis?
using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight and turning them into carbohydrates. plants do this.
what are the two main types of reproduction in living things?
asexual and sexual
what is sexual?
involves two parents
what is asexual?
involves only 1 parent
what are the four main types of asexual reproduction?
binary fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis
what is binary fission/
when a single parent cells doubles its DNA. usually occurs in bacteria
what is budding?
small growth breaks off the parent to continue to grow
what is fragmentation?
piece of organism breaks off and develops into new organism
what are four main phases of mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
what is the first step in mitosis? and what happens?
prophase. nuclear membrane starts to disappear, DNA begins to coil into chromosomes making it easier to be pulled a part
what is the second step in mitosis? and what happens?
metaphase. chromosomes line up in the middle. spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes in the middle
what is the third step in mitosis? and what happens?
anaphase. spindle fibers begin to pull chromosomes a part. The halves of the chromosomes pull toward opposite sides
what is the last step in mitosis? and what happens?
telophase. the cell splits into two identical cells. the nucleus in both cells begins to appear and surround the DNA
what does meiosis ensure?
that humans have the same number of chromosomes in each generation.
what is trisomy?
cells do not split chromosomes correctly
where is DNA mainly located in a eukaryotic cell?
the nucleus
what do amino acids form?
proteins
what is the process of DNA replication?
- DNA unzips
2.free flowing nucleotides bind to the unzipped portion of the DNA - two identical DNA strands are the result
what is a gene?
a basic physical and functional unit of heredity
every person has how many copies of each gene?
two, one from each parent
what are alleles?
same gene with slight differences in their sequence of DNA bases
what is metamorphosis?
process of transformation from an immature form to an adult form
what is complete metamorphosis?
going through stages to change into something else
what is incomplete metamorphosis?
goes through several nymphal. they grow, but do not change into something else.
what is evolution?
change that happens over thousands of years/
what does adaptation mean ?
distribution of traits in the population that is matched to and can change with environmental conditions
what does mutations mean?
changes in the DNA molecule caused by mistakes during cell division
what’s the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?
presence of a backbone
what does open circulatory system mean?
blood is pumped into the body cavity and is not enclosed in blood vessels
what does closed circulatory system mean?
blood is pumped by the heart and is enclosed in blood vessels
what does producers mean in a food web?
produce their own food from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. bottom of the food chain
what are consumers?
eat their food
what are primary consumers?
they are herbivores, they eat plants
what are secondary consumers?
they eat [rimary consumer
what are tertiary consumers?
they eat the secondary consumers and are usually carnivores
what are quaternanry consumers?
eat the tertiary consumers and are carnivores
what are decomposers?
turn dead animals into soil by recylcing nutrients as food
what is carrying capacity ?
maximum population of a particular organism that a given environment can support without detrimental effects.
