Earth Science Flashcards
what layers is the earth made up of?
crust/lithosphere, mantle, and core
what is the crust?
the outermost layer of the Earth
what is the core?
the innermost layers of earth
what are the composition layers?
crust, mantle, and core
what are the mechanical layers?
lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere and outer core
what is the outermost rigid mechanical layer of earth?
lithosphere
what layer is under the lithosphere?
asthenosphere
what layer is beneath the asthenosphere?
mesophere
what layer is the only layer that is a true liquid?
outer core
how much gas does nitrogen and oxygen make up in earth’s atmosphere?
99 percent
how are mountains formed?
when earth’s tectonic plates are smashing together
how are volcanoes formed?
when magma from within earth upper mantle erupts
how are canyons formed?
by weathering and erosion
what is a seismic wave caused by?
an earthquake
how many types of seismic waves are there?
3
what seismic is the fastest and can travel through solid, liquid and gases
primary (P)
what seismic wave travels through earth’s interior and can travel through rock ?
secondary (s)
what are tsunamis caused by?
earthquakes or volcanic activity
______ is a mixture minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and many organisms that together support life
soil
the water cycle is also called the…
hydrologic cycle
what are the three difference categories for rock?
igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary
what do rocks form?
earth;s outer solid layer
what are igneous rocks made from?
lava, magma
what are metamorphic rocks made from?
hear pressure
what are sedimentary rocks made from?
deposition, cementation
is earth the densest planet in the solar system?
yes
is the sun considered a star?
yes
what is a comet?
a chunk of ice and rock
what is an asteroid?
a chunk of rock and metal in orbit between mars and jupiter
what is a meteorite?
a small asteroid
we have seasons on earth because of what….
earth’s tilt on its axis
what does heliocentric mean?
the sun is at the center and planets rotate around it
what does the moon affect?
the tides
what does a stars color rely on ?
its temperature
when does a lunar eclipse occur?
when the moon passes directly BEHIND Earth
when does a solar eclipse occur?
when the moves moves in FRONT of the sun
what causes cycles on earth?
earths rotation on its axis and revolution around the sun
