Earth Science Flashcards

1
Q

what layers is the earth made up of?

A

crust/lithosphere, mantle, and core

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2
Q

what is the crust?

A

the outermost layer of the Earth

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3
Q

what is the core?

A

the innermost layers of earth

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4
Q

what are the composition layers?

A

crust, mantle, and core

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5
Q

what are the mechanical layers?

A

lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere and outer core

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6
Q

what is the outermost rigid mechanical layer of earth?

A

lithosphere

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7
Q

what layer is under the lithosphere?

A

asthenosphere

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8
Q

what layer is beneath the asthenosphere?

A

mesophere

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9
Q

what layer is the only layer that is a true liquid?

A

outer core

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10
Q

how much gas does nitrogen and oxygen make up in earth’s atmosphere?

A

99 percent

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11
Q

how are mountains formed?

A

when earth’s tectonic plates are smashing together

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12
Q

how are volcanoes formed?

A

when magma from within earth upper mantle erupts

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13
Q

how are canyons formed?

A

by weathering and erosion

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14
Q

what is a seismic wave caused by?

A

an earthquake

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15
Q

how many types of seismic waves are there?

A

3

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16
Q

what seismic is the fastest and can travel through solid, liquid and gases

A

primary (P)

17
Q

what seismic wave travels through earth’s interior and can travel through rock ?

A

secondary (s)

18
Q

what are tsunamis caused by?

A

earthquakes or volcanic activity

19
Q

______ is a mixture minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and many organisms that together support life

20
Q

the water cycle is also called the…

A

hydrologic cycle

21
Q

what are the three difference categories for rock?

A

igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary

22
Q

what do rocks form?

A

earth;s outer solid layer

23
Q

what are igneous rocks made from?

A

lava, magma

24
Q

what are metamorphic rocks made from?

A

hear pressure

25
what are sedimentary rocks made from?
deposition, cementation
26
is earth the densest planet in the solar system?
yes
27
is the sun considered a star?
yes
28
what is a comet?
a chunk of ice and rock
29
what is an asteroid?
a chunk of rock and metal in orbit between mars and jupiter
30
what is a meteorite?
a small asteroid
31
we have seasons on earth because of what....
earth's tilt on its axis
32
what does heliocentric mean?
the sun is at the center and planets rotate around it
33
what does the moon affect?
the tides
34
what does a stars color rely on ?
its temperature
35
when does a lunar eclipse occur?
when the moon passes directly BEHIND Earth
36
when does a solar eclipse occur?
when the moves moves in FRONT of the sun
37
what causes cycles on earth?
earths rotation on its axis and revolution around the sun