Life's Diversity

Question 1

What is the term for organisms without a true nucleus?

Answer 1

Prokaryotic - Bacteria

Question 2

What is the term for organisms with a true nucleus?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic - have true membranes

Question 3

How many living species are there on Earth?

Answer 3

8.7 million

Question 4

What are the characteristics of living things?

Answer 4

1. Made of cells (unicellular or multicellular)
2. Different levels of biological organization
3. Obtain and use energy (cellular respiration)
4. Grow and develop
5. Produce wastes (excretion)
6. Reproduce (asexual/sexual)
7. Respond to stimuli
8. Homeostasis (maintain internal environment)
9. Metabolism (energy)

Question 5

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 5

1. Eukarya
2. Bacteria
3. Archaea

Question 6

What are the six kingdoms of life?

Answer 6

1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Plantae
4. Animalia
5. Fungi
6. Protista

Question 7

What is taxonomy?

Answer 7

The science of naming, identifying, and classifying species.

Question 8

What are the levels of classification of living things?

Answer 8

1. Domains
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. Species

Question 9

What is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 9

A 2-part scientific name
1st name = genus
2nd name = species

Question 10

What is a taxon?

Answer 10

A taxon is classified within a rank and can be a specific rank.

For example, ‘Maremalia’ is a taxon at the rank of Grily.

Question 11

What are the two main types of cells?

Answer 11

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.

Question 12

What are the kingdoms of life?

Answer 12

Bacteria
Archaea
Protists
Animals
Plants
Fungi

Question 13

What is the size range of Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 13

Prokaryotic cells typically range from 1-10um

Question 14

What is the size range of Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 14

Eukaryotic cells typically range from 100 to 1000 mm.

Question 15

How is genetic material organized in Prokaryotes?

Answer 15

Prokaryotes have circular DNA that is not bound by a membrane.

Question 16

How is genetic material organized in Eukaryotes?

Answer 16

Eukaryotes have DNA in a nucleus bounded by a membrane.

Question 17

How many chromosomes do Prokaryotes have?

Answer 17

Prokaryotes have a genome made up of a single chromosome.

Question 18

How many chromosomes do Eukaryotes have?

Answer 18

Eukaryotes have a genome made up of several chromosomes.

Question 19

How do Prokaryotes reproduce?

Answer 19

Prokaryotes do not reproduce by mitosis and meiosis.

Question 20

How do Eukaryotes reproduce?

Answer 20

Eukaryotes reproduce by mitosis and meiosis.

Question 21

What type of reproduction is common in Prokaryotes?

Answer 21

Asexual reproduction is common in Prokaryotes.

Question 22

What type of reproduction is common in Eukaryotes?

Answer 22

Sexual reproduction is common in Eukaryotes.

Question 23

What is the cellular structure of most Prokaryotes?

Answer 23

Most Prokaryotes are unicellular.

Question 24

What is the cellular structure of most Eukaryotes?

Answer 24

Most Eukaryotes are multicellular.

Question 25

What organelles are present in Prokaryotes?

Answer 25

Prokaryotes do not have mitochondria and other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 26

What organelles are present in Eukaryotes?

Answer 26

Eukaryotes have mitochondria and other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 27

Do Prokaryotes require oxygen?

Answer 27

Most Prokaryotes do not require oxygen.

Question 28

Do Eukaryotes require oxygen?

Answer 28

Eukaryotes generally require oxygen.

Question 29

What type of respiration do most Eukaryotes perform?

Answer 29

Most Eukaryotes are aerobic and require oxygen to carry out cellular respiration.

Question 30

What type of respiration do many Prokaryotes perform?

Answer 30

Many Prokaryotes are anaerobic and do not require oxygen to carry out cellular respiration.

Question 31

What is a virus?

Answer 31

A virus is a small infectious agent or pathogen that is lifeless and cannot carry out metabolic activity.

Question 32

What does the term 'virus' mean in Latin?

Answer 32

The term 'virus' means 'poisonous fluid'.

Question 33

Do viruses have organelles?

Answer 33

No, viruses do not have organelles.

Question 34

Do viruses reproduce?

Answer 34

Viruses do not reproduce in the traditional sense; they replicate inside the cells of a living host.

Question 35

Are viruses considered living organisms?

Answer 35

No, viruses are not considered living organisms.

Question 36

What parts do all viruses contain?

Answer 36

All viruses contain genetic material (DNA or RNA, not both) and a protein coat to cover the genetic material. They may also have a membrane around the protein coat.

Question 37

What types of organisms can viruses infect?

Answer 37

Viruses can infect all types of organisms, including animals, plants, bacteria, and archaea.

Question 38

What are the steps of the viral replication lytic cycle?

Answer 38

1. Attachment: Virus attaches to the host cell. 2. Entrance: Whole virus or its genetic material enters the host cell's cytoplasm. 3. Replication: Host cell makes the basic parts of new viruses. 4. Assembly: Parts of the virus are put together. 5. Releasee: New virus particles are released, causing lysis of the cell.

Question 39

What have scientists used throughout history to classify species?

Answer 39

Different methods and characteristics to define and classify species.

Question 40

What is the goal of modern classification?

Answer 40

To assign species to taxa reflecting morphological similarities and hypotheses about their phylogeny.

Question 41

What does phylogeny refer to?

Answer 41

The evolutionary development and history of a species or a group of organisms.

Question 42

What is a phylogenetic tree?

Answer 42

A tool used by scientists to represent hypotheses about evolutionary relationships among species or groups of organisms. ## Footnote Inferred from fossil record, anatomical and biochemical resemblances, and molecular evidence (DNA).

Question 43

Who developed the modern biological classification system?

Answer 43

Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778). ## Footnote He created a system for naming plants and animals using Latin words.

Question 44

What is a dichotomous key?

Answer 44

A tool constructed to guide users through a series of choices to identify organisms.

Question 45

What are the main parts of a virus?

Answer 45

1. Genetic material (DNA or RNA, not both) 2. Protein coat to cover genetic material 3. May have a membrane around the protein coat.

Question 46

What does the term 'virus' mean?

Answer 46

The Latin word meaning 'poisonous fluid'.

Question 47

What happens during the release stage of viral replication?

Answer 47

New virus particles are released, and the host cell dies (lysis of cell).