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SBU3MI > Life's Diversity > Flashcards

Life's Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for organisms without a true nucleus?

A

Prokaryotic - Bacteria

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2
Q

What is the term for organisms with a true nucleus?

A

Eukaryotic - have true membranes

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3
Q

How many living species are there on Earth?

A

8.7 million

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of living things?

A
  1. Made of cells (unicellular or multicellular)
  2. Different levels of biological organization
  3. Obtain and use energy (cellular respiration)
  4. Grow and develop
  5. Produce wastes (excretion)
  6. Reproduce (asexual/sexual)
  7. Respond to stimuli
  8. Homeostasis (maintain internal environment)
  9. Metabolism (energy)
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5
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A
  1. Eukarya
  2. Bacteria
  3. Archaea
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6
Q

What are the six kingdoms of life?

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Plantae
  4. Animalia
  5. Fungi
  6. Protista
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7
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

The science of naming, identifying, and classifying species.

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8
Q

What are the levels of classification of living things?

A
  1. Domains
  2. Kingdom
  3. Phylum
  4. Class
  5. Order
  6. Family
  7. Genus
  8. Species
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9
Q

What is binomial nomenclature?

A

A 2-part scientific name
1st name = genus
2nd name = species

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10
Q

What is a taxon?

A

A taxon is classified within a rank and can be a specific rank.

For example, ‘Maremalia’ is a taxon at the rank of Grily.

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11
Q

What are the two main types of cells?

A

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.

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12
Q

What are the kingdoms of life?

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Protists
Animals
Plants
Fungi

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13
Q

What is the size range of Prokaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells typically range from 1-10um

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14
Q

What is the size range of Eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells typically range from 100 to 1000 mm.

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15
Q

How is genetic material organized in Prokaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes have circular DNA that is not bound by a membrane.

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16
Q

How is genetic material organized in Eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes have DNA in a nucleus bounded by a membrane.

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17
Q

How many chromosomes do Prokaryotes have?

A

Prokaryotes have a genome made up of a single chromosome.

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18
Q

How many chromosomes do Eukaryotes have?

A

Eukaryotes have a genome made up of several chromosomes.

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19
Q

How do Prokaryotes reproduce?

A

Prokaryotes do not reproduce by mitosis and meiosis.

20
Q

How do Eukaryotes reproduce?

A

Eukaryotes reproduce by mitosis and meiosis.

21
Q

What type of reproduction is common in Prokaryotes?

A

Asexual reproduction is common in Prokaryotes.

22
Q

What type of reproduction is common in Eukaryotes?

A

Sexual reproduction is common in Eukaryotes.

23
Q

What is the cellular structure of most Prokaryotes?

A

Most Prokaryotes are unicellular.

24
Q

What is the cellular structure of most Eukaryotes?

A

Most Eukaryotes are multicellular.

25
Q

What organelles are present in Prokaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes do not have mitochondria and other membrane-bound organelles.

26
Q

What organelles are present in Eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes have mitochondria and other membrane-bound organelles.

27
Q

Do Prokaryotes require oxygen?

A

Most Prokaryotes do not require oxygen.

28
Q

Do Eukaryotes require oxygen?

A

Eukaryotes generally require oxygen.

29
Q

What type of respiration do most Eukaryotes perform?

A

Most Eukaryotes are aerobic and require oxygen to carry out cellular respiration.

30
Q

What type of respiration do many Prokaryotes perform?

A

Many Prokaryotes are anaerobic and do not require oxygen to carry out cellular respiration.

31
Q

What is a virus?

A

A virus is a small infectious agent or pathogen that is lifeless and cannot carry out metabolic activity.

32
Q

What does the term ‘virus’ mean in Latin?

A

The term ‘virus’ means ‘poisonous fluid’.

33
Q

Do viruses have organelles?

A

No, viruses do not have organelles.

34
Q

Do viruses reproduce?

A

Viruses do not reproduce in the traditional sense; they replicate inside the cells of a living host.

35
Q

Are viruses considered living organisms?

A

No, viruses are not considered living organisms.

36
Q

What parts do all viruses contain?

A

All viruses contain genetic material (DNA or RNA, not both) and a protein coat to cover the genetic material. They may also have a membrane around the protein coat.

37
Q

What types of organisms can viruses infect?

A

Viruses can infect all types of organisms, including animals, plants, bacteria, and archaea.

38
Q

What are the steps of the viral replication lytic cycle?

A
  1. Attachment: Virus attaches to the host cell.
  2. Entrance: Whole virus or its genetic material enters the host cell’s cytoplasm.
  3. Replication: Host cell makes the basic parts of new viruses.
  4. Assembly: Parts of the virus are put together.
  5. Releasee: New virus particles are released, causing lysis of the cell.
39
Q

What have scientists used throughout history to classify species?

A

Different methods and characteristics to define and classify species.

40
Q

What is the goal of modern classification?

A

To assign species to taxa reflecting morphological similarities and hypotheses about their phylogeny.

41
Q

What does phylogeny refer to?

A

The evolutionary development and history of a species or a group of organisms.

42
Q

What is a phylogenetic tree?

A

A tool used by scientists to represent hypotheses about evolutionary relationships among species or groups of organisms.

Inferred from fossil record, anatomical and biochemical resemblances, and molecular evidence (DNA).

43
Q

Who developed the modern biological classification system?

A

Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778).

He created a system for naming plants and animals using Latin words.

44
Q

What is a dichotomous key?

A

A tool constructed to guide users through a series of choices to identify organisms.

45
Q

What are the main parts of a virus?

A
  1. Genetic material (DNA or RNA, not both)
  2. Protein coat to cover genetic material
  3. May have a membrane around the protein coat.
46
Q

What does the term ‘virus’ mean?

A

The Latin word meaning ‘poisonous fluid’.

47
Q

What happens during the release stage of viral replication?

A

New virus particles are released, and the host cell dies (lysis of cell).

SBU3MI (3 decks)

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