Life Processes- Nutrition

Question 1

Organs in Digestive System?

Answer 1

1.mouth,
2.oesophagus,
3.stomach,
4.liver
5.pancreas
6.small intestine,
7.large intestine
8.rectum
9.anus

Question 2

Function of Mouth

Answer 2

Carbohydrates—-> Maltose (Partial Dig.)
(by salivary amylase)

Food is chewed and converted into bolus.

Question 3

Function of Oesophagus

Answer 3

Peristaltic movement of bolus from mouth to stomach

Question 4

Function of Stomach

Answer 4

1) Proteins—-> Peptones
(by Pepsin)
2) secretion of gastric juice

Question 5

Gastric Juice

Answer 5

1) HCl- kills microbes+ acidic medium for pepsin
2) Mucus- protects stomach walls from HCl
3) Pepsin- digests proteins into peptones

Question 6

Function of Bile

Answer 6

1) alkaline medium for trypsin
2) emulsification of fats
{3) contains bile salts and pigments}

Question 7

Pancreatic Juice

Answer 7

1) Pancreatic Amylase: Maltose–> Glucose
2) Lipase: Fats–> fatty acids+glycerol
3) Trypsin: Peptones–> Amino Acids

Question 8

Parts of Small Intestine

Answer 8

1) Duodenum
2) Jejunum
3) Ileum

Question 9

Function of Small Intestine

Answer 9

1) Complete digestion of food
2) Absorption of nutrients (thru villi)
3) Secretion of Intestinal juice

Question 10

Intestinal Juice

Answer 10

Contains water & many enzymes (maltase, isomaltase, lipase, lactase, dextrinase, enterokinase, aminopeptidase (erepsin), nucleotidase, nucleosidase, etcetera) for the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids.

Question 11

Enzymes in Intestinal Juice

Answer 11

1) Maltase and isomaltase
2) Lipase, Lactase, Dextrinase
3) Enterokinase
4) Aminopeptidase (erepsin)
5) NucleoTidase and NucleoSidase

Question 12

Function of Villi

Answer 12

1) Absorption of nutrients into bloodstream
2) Increases surface area for absorption

Question 13

Function of Large Intestine

Answer 13

1) Absorption of water
2) Transport of leftover waste material to anus for removal

Question 14

Events of Photosynthesis

Answer 14

1) Absorption of Light Energy
2) Light energy–> Chemical energy, and Photolysis of water
3) Reduction of CO2 to carbs

Question 15

Grana and Stroma

Answer 15

Grana:
1) Stacked thylakoids that hold chlorophyll molecules in chloroplast
2) Site for Light reaction

Stroma:
1) Homogenous liquid matrix in which grana is embedded in chloroplast
2) Site for Dark reaction

Question 16

Light Reaction

Answer 16

1) Photochemical phase
2) Occurs in Thylakoid membrane
3) Directly dependent on light
4) Cyclic+Noncyclic Photophosphorylation takes place
5) ATP and NADPH synthesized
6) Chlorophyll pigment involved

Question 17

Dark Reaction

Answer 17

1) Biosynthetic phase
2) Occurs in Stroma
3) Indirectly dependent on light
4) Calvin’s Cycle takes place
5) ATP and NADPH utilized to form glucose
6) No pigments involved

Question 18

Other materials needed for photosynthesis

Answer 18

1) Nitrogen
2) Phosphorus
3) Iron
4) Magnesium