Life Processes Flashcards
What is respiration
The process of breaking down glucose to release energy which happens in every living cell
What is aerobic respiration
Respiration using oxygen
Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water (+energy)
What is diffusion
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
How does the body do respiration
The circulatory system carries glucose oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body in the blood
The glucose comes from breaking down food in the digestive system
The oxygen comes from air breathed into the lungs the substances move between the blood in capillaries and the muscles or lungs by diffusion
Cardiac output =
Heart rate X stroke volume
What Happens to our breathing when we exercise
The muscles need more energy therefor need more oxygen
The breathing rate increases to get more oxygen into the blood
What is cardiac output
The volume of blood the heart pumps in on minute
What is anaerobic respiration
It happens when there’s no enough oxygen
Glucose -> lactic acid (+energy)
What does lactic acid do
It gets painful and causes cramp
It creates an oxygen debt so you have to repay it by EPOC so you keep on breathing hard after you stop exercising and the heart rate stays high so the toxic lactic acid can be converted to co2 and water
What is photosynthesis
The process that produces food in plants
It happens in all green plants inside the chloroplasts
Carbon dioxide + water (+sun+chlorophyll)-> oxygen + glucose
How are leaves adapted for photosynthesis
They are broad so there’s a large surface area to absorb the light
The chloroplasts are nearest to the edge of the cell
The stomata can open and close to allow gases such as co2 and oxygen to diffuse in and out of the cell and allow water vapour to escape
How does light effect photosynthesis
Light provides energy for photosynthesis
As the light level increases the rate of photosynthesis also increases up to a certain point where it no longer effects the rate
How does carbon dioxide effect photosynthesis
The concentration of co2 can increase the rate of photosynthesis up to a certain point the more co2 the more photosynthesis
How does temperature effect photosynthesis
Enzymes needed for photosynthesis work too slowly at a low temperature so the rate won’t be fast if the temp is low
If it’s too hot the enzymes become denatured so the temperature has to be just right usually bell 45c
What is osmosis
The movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration across a partially Permeable membrane
What practical can you do to show osmosis
Cut a potato into identical cylinders and get some beakers with different sugar solutions one should be pure water and one very concentrated measure the length of the cylinders and leave them in the beaker for half an hour
Take them out and measure them if water has moved into the cylinders by osmosis then they will be longer this happened if the water content in the beaker is higher than the potato
How do root hair cells take in water
They have a large surface area and stick out into the solid so they can effectively do osmosis
How do root hairs absorb minerals from the soil
The concentration of minerals in the soil is usually lower than in the plant so active transport happens where they use energy to move the minerals into the plant against the concentration gradient
What happens in the xylem
Water and minerals are transported from the root to the rest of the plant
What happens in the phloem
Sugar is transported from the leaves to growing and storage tissues
What happens in transpiration
When the water evaporates from the leaves so more water is drawn up through the xylem to replace the water lost
So there’s a constant transpiration stream of water through the plant for photosynthesis but it is a side effect of photosynthesis as well
What is a habitat
A place where an organism lives
What are pooters
They’re for collecting ground insects you suck up the short tube and out the long tube over the insect
What are pitfall traps
They’re steep sided containers sunk into a hole in the ground the top is partly open and insects can come and fall into he container
