Life in South Africa (c.1948)

Question 1

What were the dates of the second Boer war?

Answer 1

1899-1902

Question 2

When was the creation of the Dominion of South Africa?

Answer 2

1910

Question 3

When was the ANC formed?

Answer 3

1912

Question 4

When was the ANC youth league formed?

Answer 4

1944

Question 5

Define coalition

Answer 5

A partnership between different political parties to try to win elections together

Question 6

Define Apartheid

Answer 6

Strict separation of racial groups meaning ‘apart-hood’ in Afrikaans

Question 7

What were the 4 racial groups in South Africa

Answer 7

Whites, Blacks, Coloureds and Indians

Question 8

Define Afrikaners

Answer 8

Descendants of immigrants to South Africa, mainly from the Netherlands and Germany

Question 9

Who were the Africans?

Answer 9

The original population of Africa

Question 10

Define bureaucracy

Answer 10

Members of administration who implemented government policies

Question 11

Define white-collar

Answer 11

Professional jobs such as in administration

Question 12

What was South Africa’s view on the American ‘separate but equal policy’?

Answer 12

They disagreed with the policy as they believed that blacks were inferior so their facilities should also be inferior and that blacks would not be able to appreciate good facilities.

Question 13

What was Grand Apartheid?

Answer 13

Overall policy to keep races as separate as possible

Question 14

What was Petty Apartheid?

Answer 14

Day to day restrictions such as separate facilities.

Question 15

What was a physical feature that determind race and the test for this feature?

Answer 15

Thickness of ones hair by placing a pencil in hair.

Question 16

Define White Supremacy

Answer 16

A belief in the right of white people to govern and the inferiority of non-whites

Question 17

Define colonisation

Answer 17

Settling in an area and taking control of its people, often through force and exploitation

Question 18

Define Bantus

Answer 18

African people who spoke a common group of languages. In the apartheid era white people used this term to refer to people in a derogatory manner.

Question 19

Define indigenous

Answer 19

Native to an area

Question 20

Define Boers

Answer 20

A dutch word; the name given to the settlers from Germany and the Netherlands

Question 21

What were the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars?

Answer 21

A series of wars fought between France and Britain and their respective allies between 1792 and 1815 in which France was defeated.

Question 22

Define Hinterland

Answer 22

Land in the interior of the country

Question 23

What was the Great Trek?

Answer 23

Movement of Boer farmers into the vast South African interior away from British rule, which started in 1834.

Question 24

What was the covenant?

Answer 24

Solemn oath or agreement e.g. the apparent agreeent between God and the Boers in 1838

Question 25

When did the Dutch East trading company arrive in South Africa?

Answer 25

1652

Question 26

Which two tribes first met the Boers?

Answer 26

San and Khoi

Question 27

When did the British empire abolish slavery?

Answer 27

1833

Question 28

When was the battle of Blood River and who was it against?

Answer 28

1838 and against Boers and Zulus

Question 29

Define Republic

Answer 29

A country without a monarch usally lead by a president

Question 30

What was the gold rush?

Answer 30

Mass migration of people to an area to find gold

Question 31

Where is the Cape?

Answer 31

The southernmost part of South Africa which was part of the British empire.

Question 32

Define dominion

Answer 32

A largely-self governing countrywithin the British empire, recognising the monarch as its head of state.

Question 33

When was the gold rush in Traansval?

Answer 33

1867 to 1886

Question 34

How many Indians had the british brought to South Africa in the 18th century?

Answer 34

150,000

Question 35

When and what was the Mines and Works Act?

Answer 35

1911, Excluded Africans from most skilled jobs in the mines which were then reserved for whites.

Question 36

When and what was the Natives’ Labour Registration Act?

Answer 36

1911, Set working conditions for Africans. They had to be recruited in rural areas, fingerprinted and issued with pass books which gave them permission to enter areas of work.

Question 37

When and what was the Natives Land Act?

Answer 37

1913, Restricted African land ownership to 7% of South Africa which was poor quality land, they were forced to work for white farmers or have temporary contracts to work in mines or factories as their land became overcrowded.

Question 38

When and what was the Native (Urban Areas) Act?

Answer 38

1923, Africans could only remain in cities to administer for the needs of whites and they were expected to live in townships on the outskirts of cities if thy were employed in cities and had to leave when their contracts ended.

Question 39

When and what was the Indstrial Conciliation Act?

Answer 39

1923, Restricted rights of Africans to organise into trade unions or negotiate terms of employment.

Question 40

When and what was the Native Administration Act?

Answer 40

1927, Set up the department of native affairs to control matters realting to Africans. They were separated in law from all other South Africans and had no civil rights outside of this structure.

Question 41

When and what was the Native Trust and Land Act?

Answer 41

1936, Extended amount of tribal reserves to 13.6% of totla South African land and Africans couldn’t buy land from outside of this structure.

Question 42

When and what was the Representation of the Natives Act?

Answer 42

1936, removed the rights of 10,000 Africans to vote so they had no rights of residence outside of designated tribal reserves. African leaders (approx 4000) in the cape were allowed to vote for four white official in the senate.

Question 43

What was the Natives Representative council?

Answer 43

Six white officals and four nominated and twelve elected Africans to represent the views of Cape Africans in parliment.

Question 44

What were pass laws?

Answer 44

Pass laws were developed in the 19h and 20th century to controlt he movement and migration of Africans. It worked like an internal passport system to control where Africans could work, live and visit.

Question 45

Define pastoral environment

Answer 45

Rural life based on small-scale agriculture

Question 46

What were the two major reasons for white justification of segregation?

Answer 46

Ignorance and fear of the consequences for their position and safety if Africans were given political or economic rights.

A need to feel that segregation was in the Africans best interests and that they were happy with a pastoral life.

Question 47

In 1946 what percentage of each racial group lived in urban areas?

Answer 47

23% of Africans
75% of Whites
61% of Coloureds
71% of Indians

Question 48

Define Kaffir

Answer 48

A derogatory name given to Black Africans by Afrikaners

Question 49

Define Kraals

Answer 49

Afrucan collections of farms where families or close members of tribal groups would live together.

Question 50

What was the Dutch Reformed Church?

Answer 50

The Afrikaner Church which supported apartheid and was heavily Christian.

Question 51

Define the Laager Mentality

Answer 51

The belief amoungst Afrikaners that they needed to stick together.

Question 52

What was the Broederbond and when was it formed?

Answer 52

1918, An influencial Afrikaner organisation that pormoted apartheid and Afrikaner hegemony.