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Life In Nazi Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the SS?

A 
Highly trained and very loyal
Must be Aryan
Unlimited powers
Organised concentration camps
Intimidation and violence
Hitlers personal bodyguards
Had their own courts e.g. Waffen SS and Deaths Head Division
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2
Q

What were the concentration camps like in 1933?

A

Crude and makeshift but backs more purpose built in rural areas
Anyone sent there at first mainly political prisoners e.g. KPD
Re-education programmes
Hard labour
Limited food
Slaves

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3
Q

When were the first concentration camps set up?

A

February 1933

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4
Q

How were the police and courts controlled?

A

Chief of police supported the Munich putsch
Police always liked the nazis
All lawyers and judges nazi controlled
No hope for a fair trial

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5
Q

Name 4 stick methods used by the Nazis to control the people of Germany

A

SS
Concentration camps
Informers/Gestapo
Police and Courts sworn oath to Hitler

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6
Q

When is conscription re introduced by the nazis?

A

1935

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7
Q

Who is in charge of the Gestapo?

A

Heydrich

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8
Q

Who are the Gestapo?

A

Secret police
Use informers
Climate of fear
Root out potential enemies (anyone who doesn’t conform to the regime)
Germany subdivided into into blocks of 30-40 houses each block has a nazi who keeps an eye on any anti nazi behaviour

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9
Q

How many concentration camps are there by 1939?

A

Six

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10
Q

Who ran the SS?

A

Himmler

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11
Q

Give 5 examples of crimes punishable by death in nazi Germany

A

Breaking into the house of a soldier during the war
A mugging committed by someone with a criminal record or from a family of criminals
Stealing things from an air raid depot
Having a sexual relationship with a Jew
Telling anti nazi jokes

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12
Q

How did the nazis help the economy?

A

Rearmament and conscription gave employment to many
Agricultural production increased and imports decreased
Public works projects e.g. Autobahn provided employment
Volkswagens

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13
Q

What had happened to unemployment by 1939?

A

It had fallen to 100 000

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14
Q

What was the German labour front?

A 
Replaced trade unions 
Strikes illegal
Wages low
Working day longer
Persuaded employers to improve working conditions in factories
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15
Q

When is rearmament carried out openly (it was started in 1933)?

A

1935

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16
Q

What incentives are there for the farmers in nazi Germany?

A

Reich food estate - guaranteed food prices and markets

Reich entailed farm law - protected farmers form being shut down by banks

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17
Q

What were the problems for farmers in nazi Germany?

A

Shortage of workers
Nazis more interested in industry
Nazis meddled endlessly

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18
Q

What incentives were there for the working class?

A

Kraft Durch Freude - strength through joy - provided Volkswagens, cheap holidays - discount from cruises, cheap theatre tickets, skiing holidays
“Beauty of labour” improved working conditions in factories and industry

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19
Q

What were the incentives for the middle classes and big businesses?

A 
Management salaries on the rise
No trade unions causing trouble
No more ToV
Communist threat gone
Lots of cash
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20
Q

What was the four year plan and when was it?

A

Goering ordered to get Germany ready for war

1936

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21
Q

Name 7 examples of propaganda used by the nazis to control the German public

A

Cheap Nazi produced radios
Nuremberg Rallies
1936 Olympics
Book burnings
Pro nazi messages and newsreels played before the film at cinema
Newspapers banned or censored
Loudspeakers in public areas playing nazi views

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22
Q

How were cheap nazi produced radios used to control German citizens?

A

Foreign radio stations banned (BBC)
Hitler and other Nazi speeches broadcasted over and over
No foreign influence
Only access nazi radio channels

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23
Q

How did the Nuremberg Rallies help control the German citizens?

A

Brought colour and excitement into people’s lives
Sense of belonging
Order and sense of greatness
Fun

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24
Q

How were the 1936 Munich Olympics used by the Nazis as propaganda?

A

International propaganda opportunity to show the superiority of the aryan race
Shows Germany to be modern, civilised and strong
Pride

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25
Q

How did book burning help the nazis control German citizens?

A

Any unacceptable ideas burnt
Sense of community
Getting rid of foreign influences
Only access to nazi ideas

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26
Q

How many people were in the SS by 1935?

A

Over 200 000

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27
Q

What is nazi ideology (give 7 examples)?

A

Volksgemeinschaft - national community of racially pure aryans
Lebensraum - “living space” for expansion of Germany
Strong Germany
Fuhrer
Social Darwinism - aryan superiority
Autarky - self sufficiency
Germany in danger from communists and Jews

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28
Q

Name 3 groups important to the nazis

A

Factory workers
Children/ young people
Women

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29
Q

Why are factory workers important to the nazis?

A

Highly value because of industrial production

Make weapons for rearmament

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30
Q

Why are children important to the Nazis?

A

The next generation of committed nazis and loyal soldiers

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31
Q

Why are women important to the nazi regime?

A

Provide the next generation of nazis
Baby machines
Meant to be the traditional housewife

32
Q

Why are religious people tolerated?

A

In case they uprise

33
Q

How was the Protestant church changed by the nazis?

A

Reorganised into the Reich Church and given new nazi bishops
Protestant pastors who opposed sent to concentration camps

34
Q

What was the faith movement?

A

Set up by the nazis as an alternative to Christianity - based on pagan rituals

35
Q

How was religion prevented from infecting the youth?

A

Christmas carols and RE phased out of schools

Church schools closed

36
Q

What did the children do in the hitler youth movements?

A

4 different groups -2 for boys, 2 for girls
Boys trained to be soldiers, marching, camping, weapons training, fitness training
Girls trained to be good mothers, domestic training, fitness training
Trained in utter loyalty to hitler and encouraged to report on their parents and neighbours

37
Q

What was the section of hitler youth for the girls called?

A

German league of maidens

38
Q

When did membership for the hitler youth become compulsory?

A

1939

39
Q

How was the children’s curriculum controlled?

A

Maths questions promoted messages of war and getting rid of minorities
Biology focused on “race science”
History books rewritten without German defeats
Story books warned of dangers from Jews
Lots of PE - keep them fit to be mothers and soldiers
Teachers had to join Nazi Teachers Association or lose their jobs

40
Q

When were Jewish children banned from schools?

A

1938

41
Q

Why did Germany benefit from the nazi rule?

A

Beauty of labour improved working conditions
Public works projects provided employment
Unemployment dropped from 5 million to under 1 million in 6 years
Improved German roads
National pride boosted

42
Q

Why didn’t Germany benefit from nazi rule?

A

Some people lived in fear from speaking out against the government
Workers had low wages
Workers lost trade unions
Workers standard of living still lower than before the depression

43
Q

Why were the nazi policies towards the youth successful?

A

Girls became hysterical at nazi rallies and parades
In 1945 members of the hitler youth were armed and prepared to die for their country
Brainwashed by the curriculum - artificial control on what they’re shown at young influential ages
The nazi curriculum is fun and appealing

44
Q

Why weren’t the nazi policies towards the youth appealing?

A

Hitler youth had to be made compulsory because attendance was barely 25%
Opposition groups such as edelweiss pirates defied the nazi regime

45
Q

What were the nazi policies towards women?

A

Based on 3Ks (Kinder, Kirche, Kuche) encouraged to stay at home and have children
Laws forced women out of jobs and employers encouraged to only employ men
Motherhood cross system gave medals and to women with lots of children (8= gold)
Marriage loans reduced each time a child was born
Dis-encouraged from wearing make up, smoking and dieting

46
Q

When were the Nuremberg laws introduced and what were they?

A

1935
Removed all German citizenship from Jews and their rights
Banned from marrying or having sex with Germans

47
Q

What happened to the Jews in 1934?

A

Banned from public places

48
Q

What happened in November 1938?

A

Kristallnacht

49
Q

What was Kristallnacht?

A

Attacks on Jewish homes, shops and synagogues after a nazi diplomat assassinated by a Jew in Paris
100 Jews killed
Over 20 000 put in concentration camps
1 billion reichsmark fine

50
Q

What happened to the Jews in 1939?

A

All Jews in areas the nazis invaded were forced to live in ghettos

51
Q

In the summer of 1941 what did himmler order?

A

SS “special action” groups

All soviet Jews killed

52
Q

What happened at the Wannsee Conference in January 1942?

A

The “Final Solution” decided

All Jews in Europe decided to be exterminated

53
Q

What happened as a result of the final solution?

A

Extermination camps built in Eastern Europe e.g. Auschwitz

Six million Jews died in the holocaust

54
Q

Why did the nazis persecute the minorities?

A

They didn’t fit in with their idea of aryan superiority

55
Q 
What did the nazis do to:
1 Homeless
2 Homosexuals
3 Blacks and mentally ill
4 Gypsies?
A

1 Taken to camps re-educated and taught how to work so they become useful citizens
2 sent to concentration camps
3 sterilised or killed
4 sent to concentration camps and exterminated

56
Q

Name 3 opposition groups of young people

A

Edelweiss pirates
Swing youth
White rose movement

57
Q

Who were the edelweiss pirates?

A 
Working class movement who beat up the hitler youth and helped concentration camp escapees 
In Cologne 1944 6 members hung
58
Q

Who were the swing youth?

A

Middle class movement who listened to jazz and went clubbing

59
Q

Who were the white rose movement?

A

Munich University students who distributed anti - nazi propaganda anonymously and urged German citizens to not support ww2
Organise demonstrations and wrote anti - nazi slogans on walls
Leaders guillotined in 1944

60
Q

What did the communists and social democrats do to oppose the nazis?

A

Set up underground organisations publishing anti nazi leaflets and organised industrial sabotage

61
Q

What opposition did the nazis face from the churches?

A

Protestants set up Confessional Church - anti nazi

Protestant pastors e.g. Dietrich Boenhoffer spoke out against the nazis and sabotaged

62
Q

What happened in July 1944?

A

July bomb plot to assassinate hitler

Colonel Von Stauffenberg attempted to assassinate hitler with a bomb in a suitcase

63
Q

What happened to the army as the war went more and more badly?

A

Opposition grew

64
Q

In 1937 who did the gestapo stop protesting?

A

Dietrich Boenhoffer

65
Q

When was rationing introduced?

A

Food - September 1939

Clothes - November 1939

66
Q

Who protested against the nazis killing the mentally ill in 1941?

A

Bishop Galen

67
Q

Why was Dietrich Boenhoffer arrested in 1942 and what did this lead to?

A

Contacting the allies and asking for peace terms

His hanging in April 1945

68
Q

How many civilians had died by 1945?

A

3.5 million

69
Q

When did the bombing on major German cities happen?

A

1942

70
Q

When was the Dresden bombing?

A

February 1945

150 000 killed

71
Q

How many handicapped children were killed from 1939-45?

A

5000

72
Q

How many mentally ill were gassed from 1939-41?

A

72 000

73
Q

How many compulsory sterilisations were there from 1939-45 to stop hereditary illness?

A

300 000

74
Q

When was divorce the only possible option?

A

If the coupes was infertile

75
Q

What was an incentive for women to not work whilst their married?

A

Loans for women who agreed not to have jobs when married

800 000 took them up

History (6 decks)

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