Life Goes On II

Question 1

4 bases:

Answer 1

adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine

Question 2

What are complementary nitrogenous bases linked together by?

Answer 2

Hydrogen bonds

Question 3

Replication process:

Answer 3

1. With the aid of several specific enzymes, hydrogen bonds between bases are broken in sections so that the strand separate and expose the bases.
2. Spare nucleotides that are floating around the nucleus are added in the complementary sequence to the exposed strands until two full new strands are completed
3. After replication, the doubled chromosome is attached at the centromere

Question 4

RNA:

Answer 4

Single stranded polynucleotide with a sugar phosphate backbone and consists of sugar ribose and 4 bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil
- Plays a vital role in protein synthesis

Question 5

What does proteins do?

Answer 5

They are involved in transport, structure, acting as enzymes that makes materials, protecting the body

Question 6

Protein synthesis process:

Answer 6

Triplet code-> 1 amino acid-> 1 protein
The process where the gene is copied into the RNA. The short strands of RNA leave the nucleus and go to the ribosomes where they form a template for an amino acid chain. With individual amino acids coded by codons (triple bases)

Question 7

Mutation:

Answer 7

Alterations to the DNA sequence

Question 8

Gene mutation:

Answer 8

The change to the sequence of bases within a gene and usually occurs during replication. With most gene mutations detected and fixed by enzymes

Question 9

Chromosomal mutations:

Answer 9

The change of the structure of the chromosomes or the number of chromosomes.

Question 10

Where does meiosis occur?

Answer 10

Occur only in gametes therefore occurs in testes to produce sperm and ovaries to produce eggs

Question 11

What are the products of meiosis?

Answer 11

Four daughter cells are produced at the end of the division, where they are haploid and non-identical

Question 12

What is the purpose of meiosis?

Answer 12

production of gametes and contribute to genetic variation

Question 13

Where does mitosis occurs?

Answer 13

Occurs in every cell except sex cells

Question 14

Who is George Mendel?

Answer 14

• He carried out the first studies of inheritance on pea plants
  And concluded that inherited characteristics are passed on from generation to generation. And proposed that each characteristic in an organism is determined by two factors- one being dominant and other being recessive