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HBSE II > Life Course Chapter 6 Adolescence > Flashcards

Life Course Chapter 6 Adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

adolescence

A

characterized by significant physical change, increased hormone production, sexual maturation, improved cognitive functioning, formative identity development and increased independence.

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2
Q

increased hormoeproduction

A

results in a period called puberty, during which persons become capable of reproduction.

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3
Q

psychological changes

A

reactions to physical, social, and cultural changes confronting the adolescent, as well as cognitive development, in which most individuals develp improved reasoning skills, abstract thinking, a sense of their own thinking and the ability to consider potential future consequences of their actions

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4
Q

greatest task of adolecence

A

identity formation - determining who one is and where one is going.

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5
Q

dangers of Eurocentric education model

A

little regard for other cultures, pushes at risk students out, may damage the self esteem of students of color, those with disabilities or sexual minority students

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6
Q

physical and mental health risks of adolescence

A

substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, bullying, violence, poverty, low educational attainment, eating issues, and depression and suicide.

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7
Q

rites of passage

A

ceremonies that demarcate the transition from childhood to adulthood

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8
Q

Biological changes of early adolescence (11-14)

A

Hormonal changes
beginning of puberty
physical appearance
possible experimentation with sex and substances

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9
Q

Psychological changes of early adolescence (11-14)

A

Reactions to physical changes, including early maturation
Concrete/present-oriented thought
body modesty
moodiness

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10
Q

Social changes of early adolescence (11-14)

A

Changes in relationships with parents and peers
less school structure
distancing from culture/tradition
seeking samenesss

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11
Q

Biological changes of middle adolescence (15-17)

A

completion of puberty and physical appearance changes

Possible experimentation with sex and substances

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12
Q

Psychological changes of middle adolescence (15-17)

A 
Reactions to physical changes, including late maturation
Increased autonomy
Increased abstract thought
Beginning of identity development
Preparation for college or career
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13
Q

Social changes of middle adolescence (15-17)

A

Heightened social situation decision making
Continue to renegotiate family relationships
More focus on peer group
Beginning of one-to-one romantic relationships
Moving toward greater community participation

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14
Q

Biological changes of late adolescence (18-22)

A

Slowing of physical changes

Possible experimentation with sex and substances

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15
Q

Psychological changes of late adolescence (18-22)

A

Formal operational thought
Continuation of identity development
Moral reasoning

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16
Q

Social changes of late adolescence (18-22)

A

Very little school/life structure
Beginning of intimate relationships
Renewed interest in culture/tradition

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17
Q

Puberty

A

the period of the life course in which the reproductive system matures

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18
Q

gonads

A

ovaries and testes

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19
Q

sex hormones

A

androgens, progestins, and estrogens that affect the development and functioning of the gonads

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20
Q

primary sex characteristics

A

those directly related to the reproductive organs and external genitalia (penis, scrotum, ovaries, uterus, vagina, clitoris, labia)

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21
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A

those not directly related to the reproductive organs and external genetalia (enlarged breasts and hips, facial hair, deeper voices, hair and swear gland changes)

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22
Q

menarche

A

the onset of menstruation

23
Q

spermarche

A

the onset of the ability to ejaculate mobile sperm

24
Q

three main cognitive development areas of adolescence

A
  1. Improved reasoning skills
  2. abstract thinking
  3. meta-cognition
25
Q

improved reasoning skills

A

the ability to consider a range of possibilities, to think hypothetically and to engage in logical analysis

26
Q

abstract thinking

A

the ability to imagine things not seen or experienced

27
Q

meta-cognition

A

the ability to think about thinking

28
Q

Genital State developmental stage major task or processes

A

to develop libido capable of reprodution and sexual intimacy FREUD

29
Q

Identity versus role diffusion developmental stage major task or processes

A

to find one’s place in the world through self-certainty versus apathy, role experimentation versus negative identity, and anticipation of achievement versus work parlysis ERIKSON

30
Q

affiliation versus abandonment (early adolescence) developmental stage major task or processes

A

to search for membership, acceptance, and group identity, versus as sense of being left behind, rejected and abandoned KEGAN

31
Q

Formal Operational Thought developmental stage major task or processes

A

to develop the capacity for abstract problem formulation, hypothesis development and solution texting PIAGET

32
Q

Postconventional Morality developmental stage major task or processes

A

to develop moral principles that transcend one’s own society: individual ethics, societal rights, and universal principles of rights and wrong

33
Q

Marcia’s 4 identity statuses

A
  1. identity diffusion: no commitment made to roles and values, with or without exploration
  2. foreclosure: commitment made to roles and values without exploration
  3. Moratorium: exploration of roles and values without commitment
  4. Identity achievement: exploration of roles and values followed by commitment
34
Q

postconventional moral reasoning

A

morality based on moral principles that transcend social rules, but that may never go beyond conventional morality, or morality based on social rules. KOHLBERG

35
Q

Rosenberg’s identities in three parts

A

Social identity: made up of several elements derived from interaction with other people and social systems, including social statuses, membership groups, and social types
Dispositions: self-ascribed aspects of identity
Physical characteristics - one’s physical traits which all contribute a great deal to sense of self.

36
Q

Social identity (Rosenberg)

A

Social statuses, membersship groups, labels, derived statuses, social types and personal identities

37
Q

disposition (Rosenberg)

A

attitudes, traits, abilities, values, personality traits, habits, tendencies, likes or preferences

38
Q

physical characteristics (Rosenberg)

A

height, weight, body build, facial features

39
Q

gender identity

A

the internalized understanding of one’s gender

40
Q

generalized other

A

concept to represent how others are likely to view and respond

41
Q

individualism

A

the development of a self or identity that is unique and seperate

42
Q

sexual orientation

A

erotic, romantic, and affectionate attraction to people of the same sex, opposite sex or both sexes

43
Q

status offenses

A

running away from home, skipping school, violating curfew and possessing tobacco or alcohol

44
Q

juvenile delinquency

A

when adolescents are found guilty of committing either a crime or a status offence

45
Q

verbal bullying

A

saying or writing mean things

46
Q

social/relational bullying

A

hurting a person’s reputation, leaving someone out on purpose, telling others not to be friends with someone, spreading rumors, publicly embarrassing.

47
Q

physical bullying

A

hurting a person’s body or possessions

48
Q

Acquaintance rape

A

forced, manipulated, or coerced sexual contact by someone known to the victim

49
Q

Statutory rape

A

having sex with someone younger than an age specified by law as being capable of making informed, voluntary decision.

50
Q

eating disorders

A

anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder

51
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

distorted body image and excessive dieting that results in severe weight loss. pathological fear of becoming fat.

52
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

episodes of binge eating followed by behaviors such as self induced vomiting at least once a week to avoid weight gain

53
Q

binge eating disorder

A

recurring episodes of eating significantly excessive amounts of food in a short period of time; the episodes are accompanied by feelings of lack of control

54
Q

sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

A

consequences can include infertility and death. Adolescents comprise almost half of 20 million new cases each year.

HBSE II (4 decks)

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