Life and science Flashcards
The three-domain classifications.
Bacteria have a cell wall but do not have a membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
Archaea are prokaryotes like bacteria, but have an independent evolutionary history.
Eukaryotes have a true membrane-bound nucleaus.
Life.
Have a different molecular structure than living things.
Require energy and raw materials.
Are composed of cells.
Maintain homeostasis.
Respond to their external environment.
Grow and reproduce.
Populations are capable of evolving.
Cell functions.
Secretion and absorption of elecgtrolytes and fluid.
Electrical signaling.
Muscle contraction.
Lining of blood vessels.
Specialized functions.
Examples of factors that must be kept constant.
(Homeostasis - constant internal environment).
Nutrients.
Gas molecules.
Waste products.
pH.
Electrolytes.
Temperature.
Volume and pressure.
Science.
The study of the natural world through observation and hypothesis-driven experimental investigation.
Both a body of knowledge and a process (scientific method).
The steps in the scientific method.
Observe cases and generalize rules (inductive reasoning).
Formulatye a hypothesis (testable and falsifiable).
Make a testable prediction (employing deductive reasoning, “if…then”, specific to be testable).
Experiment (a carefully planned and executed manipulation of the natural world, controlled: all but one variable are accounted for).
Report results.
Draw conclusions.
How does a hypothesis become a theory?
Be broad.
Be extensively tested.
Be supported over time.
Explain a broad range of facts.
Have a high degree of reliability.
Theories may be refuted in the future. Theories are falsifiable.
What are the differences between critical thinking, anecdotal thinking, and teleological thinking?
Critical thinking: skepticism, appreciative of the value of statistics, reading graphs, distinguishing anecdotes from scientific evidence, separating facts from conclusions, understanding the differences between correlation and causation.
Anecdotal evidence cannot be generalized to the larger population because it is not based on empirical evidence.
Teleological thinking involves aiming at goals. Design and purpose analogous to that found in human action are inherent also in the rest of nature?
What are some of the roles science has in society?
Improves technology.
Has limits.
Helps us make informed choices.
