Life and physical sciences Flashcards
Humans can be considered as a collection of four types of large biological molecules… Which are?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, Nucleic Acid
Describe each molecule:
Carbohydrates, Lipids, proteins, Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrates: Sugars and Starches
Lipids: Fatty acids
Proteins: Amino acids
Nucleic Acid: including DNA and RNA
Most large molecules are _____
Polymers
What is a polymer?
a long chain of similar molecular subunits (monomers) bonded together.
Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins are typically____
Polymers
Polymers are built from monomers via ______ ________
Dehydration Synthesis
What is dehyration synthesis
these reactions occur when one monomer forms a covalent bond to another single or chain of monomers releasing a water molecule.
Hydrolysis
The disaccharide maltose is broken down to form two glucose monomers with the addition of a water molecule. This is the reverse of the dehydration
Dehydration Synthesis reactions typically require ____?
Energy
Hydrolysis reactions typically ______ energy.
release
Carbohydrates are biological molecules composed of ____, ______, and ______.
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O)
Name three carbohydrate functions:
- Energy storage and regulation.
- Structural functions – for plants and arthropods (lobsters, crabs etc).
- Biological recognition processes.
Carbohydrates are classified into three types:
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides
Amylase, Lipase, Pepsin, and trypsin are all examples of what kind of enzymes?
Digestive
what is DNA?
(deoxyribonucleic acid) is a biological macromolecule whose main function is to carry hereditary information from one generation to the next.
