Life and physical sciences Flashcards
Humans can be considered as a collection of four types of large biological molecules… Which are?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, Nucleic Acid
Describe each molecule:
Carbohydrates, Lipids, proteins, Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrates: Sugars and Starches
Lipids: Fatty acids
Proteins: Amino acids
Nucleic Acid: including DNA and RNA
Most large molecules are _____
Polymers
What is a polymer?
a long chain of similar molecular subunits (monomers) bonded together.
Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins are typically____
Polymers
Polymers are built from monomers via ______ ________
Dehydration Synthesis
What is dehyration synthesis
these reactions occur when one monomer forms a covalent bond to another single or chain of monomers releasing a water molecule.
Hydrolysis
The disaccharide maltose is broken down to form two glucose monomers with the addition of a water molecule. This is the reverse of the dehydration
Dehydration Synthesis reactions typically require ____?
Energy
Hydrolysis reactions typically ______ energy.
release
Carbohydrates are biological molecules composed of ____, ______, and ______.
Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O)
Name three carbohydrate functions:
- Energy storage and regulation.
- Structural functions – for plants and arthropods (lobsters, crabs etc).
- Biological recognition processes.
Carbohydrates are classified into three types:
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides
Amylase, Lipase, Pepsin, and trypsin are all examples of what kind of enzymes?
Digestive
what is DNA?
(deoxyribonucleic acid) is a biological macromolecule whose main function is to carry hereditary information from one generation to the next.
The rungs of DNA are made of which four types of bases?
A, T, G, and C
What are the Complementary bases of DNA?
A always pairs with T and C always pairs with G.
Adenine and guanine are _______ bases
Purine
What does A, T, G, and C stand for?
A: Adenine
T: Thymine
G: Guanine
C: Cytosine
DNA is stored in a cell’s ______
Nucleus
