Lie Detection/Polygrapy Flashcards
the intentionally uttering false statement
Lie
the act of discovering the existence, presence or facts of something hidden
Detection
the method of detecting deception
Lie Detection
the act of deceiving or misleading and usually accomplished by lying
Deception
refers to the instrument designed for recording changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration and skin resistance as indicative of emotional disturbance especially of lying when questioned
Polygraph
refers to the scientific method of detecting deception with the use/aid of the polygraph instrument
Polygraphy
refers to a person who intentionally utters a false statement
Liar
are signs of lying observed in a person through the words that are spoken, speed of delivery of words, choice of words, tone of voice and the tense of language
Verbal Clues
signs of lying observe in a person through patterns of body movements, gestures, facial expressions, body posture, positioning and movements used to explain chosen words
Non-verbal Clues
refers to non-verbal gestures or signs that can be directly translated into or substituted for words
Emblems
refers to contradicting statements / testimonies made by any person
Inconsistencies
a physiological measure that has been shown to be related to physiological arousal; measured as the electrical resistance of the skin through the use of electrodes attached to the fingertips
Electrodermal Response
refers to a continuous graph on which a subject’s physiological response are registered
Polygraph Chart
a person undergoing polygraph examination; may be a suspect, complainant, victim, witnesses, and others who are required to undergo polygraph examination
Subject
a component of the polygraph machine responsible in recording changes in respiration of a person undergoing polygraph examination
Pneumograph
component of polygraph machine responsible in recording changes in blood pressure and pulse rate of a person undergoing polygraph examination
Cardiosphymograph
component of polygraph machine responsible in recording changes in skin resistance of a person undergoing polygraph examination
Galvanograph
refers to the attempt to prevent the polygraph technique from revealing untruthful answers
Counter Measures
most common method of deciding guilt or innocence
Trial by Ordeals
Most Common Ordeals
- Ordeal by Heat and Fire
- Ordeal by Water
- Ordeal by Combat
defined “search for truth” as a basis and goal of all criminal investigation in the mid 19th century and stated “ a large part of the criminal work is nothing more than a battle against lies.”
Dr. Han Gross
Verbal Clues of Deception
- Inconsistencies - contradicting testimonies
- Slip of the Tongue
- Tirades
- Pauses (too long, too frequent, or occur in inappropriate places)
- Speed of Speech (during relevant part of the questioning)
- Repetition of Question
- Fragmented or Incomplete Sentences
- Being Overly Polite
Non-Verbal Clues of Deception
- Emblems (e.g. shrugging of shoulders)
- Manipulators - usual behavior of touching one’s self such as grooming the hair, or wringing of the hands
- Breathing (affected by stress)
- Sweating (too much sweating can be indicative of involuntary reflex of deception)
- Frequent Swallowing
- Facial Muscles
- Eyes (rapid blinking can signal emotional stress)
THEORY OF POLYGRAPHY
When a mentally normal person tells a lie, physiological changes occur within his/her body that could be recorded by polygraph machine and evaluated by polygraph examiner.
PURPOSE OF POLYGRAPH EXAMINATION
To determine truth or deception based on the presence of emotional disturbance of the subject as appearing on the recorded physiological responses to question relative to the case under investigation
