Forensic Chemistry Flashcards
Application of Chemical Principles in the examination of physical evidence
Forensic Chemistry
Chemistry applied in the explanation of legal problems
Forensic Chemistry
Scope of Forensic Chemistry
– Includes the chemical side of investigation
– Analysis of materials leading to legal proceedings
– Also answers questions in other aspects of Forensic Science
Is the means, sanctioned by these rules (law), of ascertaining in judicial proceedings the truth respecting a matter of fact [Rule 128, Sec. 1, Rules of Court]
Evidence
Is the means, sanctioned by these rules (law), of ascertaining in judicial proceedings the truth respecting a matter of wherein scientific knowledge is necessary.
Scientific Evidence
Role of Forensic Chemistry
- Speedy investigation
- Solution of crimes
Chemical findings are used in:
- Convicting the guilty
- Clearing the innocent
Stages in the Work of a Forensic Chemist
- Collection or Reception of the Specimen to be examined
- Actual examination of Specimen
- Communication of Results
- Court Appearance
magnify and resolve fine details
Microscopy
preservation of evidence
Photography
uses UV, IR, X-ray
Invisible Rays
separation of constituents of a solution or colloidal dispersion
Chromatography
migration of particles to opposite electrode
Electrophoresis
elemental analysis
Spectography
innovation of spectography
Laser Technique
analyses samples in the Molecular Weight
Mass Spectrometry
measures concentration of various elements or compounds
Spectrophotometry
uses nuclear reactor
Neutron Activation Analysis
use of light that penetrates the sample and identifies the nature of the sample
- X-ray Diffraction Analysis
study of different insects
Forensic Entomology
DNA Profiling
DNA Typing
detects trace elements
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
every object, natural or man-made, has an individuality which is not duplicated in any other objec
Law of Individuality
everything changes with the passage of time
Law of Progressive Change
only “likes” (similarities) can be compared
Principle of Comparison
the analysis can be no better than the sample analyzed
Principle of Analysis
all identifications, definite or indefinite, are made consciously or unconsciously on the basis of probability
Law of Probability
