Libertarianism And Compatibalism

Question 1

Metaphysical freedom

Answer 1

Power of self to choose among genuine alternatives

Question 2

Libertarianism

Answer 2

View that despite restraints from genetics and the enviro, humans are moral agents
Ppl should be held morally accountable for actions because they have metaphysical freedom
In any moral dilemma person who does wrong moral action had genuine free choice to behave other way
Break law - punishable - could of had other choice
This is how law system is designed - ppl punished w/ prison, fines and community service for choosing to break law

Question 3

Kant

Answer 3

Would’ve been libertarian
Created deontological theory of ethics that was based on moral rules not religion
Created laws about what ppl. Ought to do, telling them their moral duty
‘Ought implies can’, knowing what we should do shows we are morally free to choose action
Laws of country are helpful for ppl being free, help ppl behave rationally, political freedom
Breaking law - limits other ppls freedom
Punishment should be retribution as hold ppl rationally responsible for actions and punishable for breaking laws

Question 4

U.K. law

Answer 4

System of punishment based on beh.clear UK gov not deterministic
Punish ppl. Based on fact they could of acted differently
UK courts give special considerations to circumstances that caused someone to behave wrongly and give them lighter sentence in these cases e.g. extreme poverty, drug addict parents, abuse etc.

Question 5

Compatibalism

Answer 5

Soft determinism
View human freedom and moral responsibility are compatible with determinism
Middle ground bet. Lib and det.
Accepts some aspects of life are determined e.g. upbringing, genetics etc but ppl. Also have free choice within life thats been determined

Rehabilitation and reform to ensure ppl. Change circumstances what caused them to commit crime

Question 6

Hume

Answer 6

Only to blame when choices come from our character not other factors
Punishment should be part of social engineering where fear of punishment represses anti social behaviour
Shaped by physical laws however doesn’t mean we dont have some sort of freedom to make moral choices
‘Liberty of spontaneity’ - ability to do what you desire

Question 7

Constant conjunction

Answer 7

Wherever we look in nature we see (A) is constantly accompanied by (B) e.g. whenever (A) throw brick at window (B) it breaks
Kind of conjunction not logically necessary, always possible glasss remains intact

If you think you know ppl. Fairly well, probs arg ‘people didn’t change’
Hume- ppls principles and motives are constant as the patterns of wind, rain and clouds in the weather