Liberalism

Question 1

Meaning of negative freedom?

Answer 1

Negative freedom- freedom without restriction

Question 2

Meaning of rational?

Answer 2

Rational- the belief humans are capable of logic and reason

Question 3

Meaning of utilitarianism?

Answer 3

Utilitarianism-maximising pleasure and minimizing pain

Question 4

Meaning of equality?

Answer 4

Equality- belief that individuals are of equal value and should be treated impartially

Question 5

What are the 2 groups in Liberalism?

Answer 5

• Classical Liberalism

- Modern Liberalism

Question 6

Who are the thinkers for Classical Liberalism?

Answer 6

• Locke
• Mills
• Wollstonecraft

Question 7

Who are the thinkers for Modern Liberalism?

Answer 7

• Rawls

- Priedan

Question 8

Classical Liberals view on human nature?

Answer 8

• Believe in negative freedom- the freedom from restrictions
• egoistical individualism = self sufficient sovereign who seeks own interest
• are judges of their own action

Question 9

Classical liberals view on state?

Answer 9

• Would like a minimal state
• state shouldn’t interfere in economic and social life
• mechanistic theory- state is a machine created to serve the people thus there needs to be checks and balances so the state can’t discriminate or create inequality
• government based on limited government and government by consent

Question 10

Classical liberal view on economy?

Answer 10

• Minimal state/ no interference
• economy to be led using free trade and capitalism
• individuals are rational enough to make their own economic choices

Question 11

Modern liberal view on human nature?

Answer 11

• Believe in positive freedom- the freedom to do as you please

Question 12

Classical liberal view on society?

Answer 12

• democracy is threat to individualism

- negative freedom in society- freedom from restriction

Question 13

Modern liberal view on economy?

Answer 13

• aim to regulate free market
• State intervention is necessary to promote sustainable growth, limit injustice and prevent high levels of unemployment/ poverty
• state should inject money into capitalist economy through job creation schemes
• state intervention needed to maintain prosperous capitalist economy

Question 14

Modern liberal view on state?

Answer 14

• reforms should include housing, healthcare and education

- state should promote equality of opportunity

Question 15

Modern liberal view on society?

Answer 15

• lack of resources means some individuals will never be free
• positive freedom- freedom to do as you please

Question 16

What is the social contract theory?

Answer 16

Contract between the people and the state where thier freedoms are not infringed upon.

Question 17

What is the mechanistic theory?

Answer 17

The idea that the state is a machine

Question 18

What was Mill’s ideas of developmental individualism?

Answer 18

Developmental

Question 19

What was Mill’s ideas of the harm principle?

Answer 19

The harm principle

Question 20

What is negative liberty?

Answer 20

Negative liberty is the

Question 21

What was different about John Rawls conception of the state to Locke’s?

Answer 21

the differnec

Question 22

How did Betty Friedan change the conception of tolerance?

Answer 22

Friedan

Question 23

Name one agreement between Friedan and Wollstonecraft

Answer 23

Friedan and Wollstonecraft

Question 24

What is Locke’s ideas on all themes? (CLASSICAL LIBERALIST)

Answer 24

Locke =
Human nature - humans are rational and mindful of others

State- govt is based on consent from the people, social contract theory, he said that ‘law is not abolish or restrain but to preserve and enlarge freedom’

Society- everyone has natural rights and everyone should respect the rights

Economy - private property should be respected

Question 25

Wollstonecraft view on all themes (CLASSICAL LIBERALIST)

Answer 25

Wollstonecraft Human nature- men and women are rational beings, women are capable of reason State- advocates for women rights and the state should ensure this and ensure equality is ensured Society- patriarchy undermines female individualism Economy- free women would boost a free trade economy

Question 26

Mills view on themes? (Classical Liberalist)

Answer 26

Mills Human nature- nature can progress State- advocates for representative democracy with respect to rights, harm principle, Society- advocates for society with individualism, individuals are free especially when following the harm principle Economy- laissez faire capitalism is the route to a prosperous society

Question 27

Rawls view on all themes (Modern liberalist)

Answer 27

Rawls Human nature- humans are selfish and have their own desires to fulfill State- the state has a duty to aid the less fortunate Society- condition of the poorest needs to be improved, there needs to be a veil of ignorance so that conditions like class, gender cant influence decisions, difference principle allows for people to enjoy freedom Economy- there needs to be restrictions on free market capitalism, favored property owning democracy

Question 28

Priedan views on all themes (Modern liberalist)

Answer 28

Priedan Human nature- humanity's nature discourages self advancement for women, women were held back from fulfilling their potential State- has a duty to prevent discrimination against women and create a level playing field Society- society is patriarchal and misogynistic , individuals are entitled to equal rights Economy- anti discrimination laws would boost the free market