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Core Political Ideas -(Conservatism/Liberalism/Socialism) > Conservatism > Flashcards

Conservatism Flashcards

1
Q

Meaning of pragmatism?

A

Pragmatism- flexible approach to society on the basis of what works

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2
Q

Meaning of tradition?

A

Tradition- accumulated wisdom of past societies and connection of generations passed down

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3
Q

Meaning of human imperfection?

A

Human imperfection- humans are flawed making then incapable to do good for themselves - flawed morally, intellectually and psychologically

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4
Q

Meaning of paternalism?

A

Paternalism- power that governs in the interest of everyone

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5
Q

Meaning of libertarianism?

A

Libertarianism- upholds liberty seeking to maximise autonomy and free choice

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6
Q

Meaning of self ownership?

A

Self ownership- individuals own their bodies, talents, abilities and labour

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7
Q

Meaning of change to conserve?

A

Change to conserve- small changes could be made in order to conserve society

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8
Q

Meaning of localism?

A

Localism- society made up of small communities that share morals and traditions - little platoons

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9
Q

Meaning of organicism?

A

Organicism- society should emerge organically any force will cause anarchy

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10
Q

What are the 3 groups in Conservatism?

A
  • Traditional Conservatives
  • One Nation Conservatives
  • New Right Conservatives
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11
Q

Who are the thinkers in Traditional Conservatives?

A
  • Hobbes

- Burke

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12
Q

Who is the thinker in One Nation Conservatives?

A

-Oakeshott

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13
Q

Who are the thinkers in New Right Conservatives?

A
  • Rand

- Nozick

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14
Q

To what extent are the conservatives united on their of economy?

A

Agreement- TC and Neo liberals defend tradition as the believe private property vital to the economy.

Disagreement- One nation and Neo liberals divided on economic role of state.

One nation- state need to take a role in the economy due to volatility of free markets. For pragmatic reasons we need the state.

Neo liberals - reject any state intervention due to true capitalism with unfettered free markets will bring prosperous economy. Due to the failure of public expenditure and inflation neo libs want to rectify Keynesian economics

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15
Q

Traditional Conservatives view on human nature?

A

Humans are seen as sinful due to the beginning original sin from Adam and Eve. Humanity is viewed as selfish and greedy.

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16
Q

Traditional conservatives view on the state?

A

The state must be authoritarian. hierarchy is is seen as essential to a successful society. The authoritarian nature provides security and order

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17
Q

Traditional Conservatives view on society?

A
  • Humans need to come together as a community for there to be social stability. The little platoons that society would be in would prevent revolutions and guide humans away from their immoral human nature.
  • Society would be able to function normally with accepting hierarchy. Society is organised as different humans have different talents there are elites as leaders thus inequality is inevitable
18
Q

One nation view on human nature?

A

Humanity is best when it is free from ‘grand designs’ and focused on the daily routines of life.
The extent to which we are flawed isn’t too bad.

19
Q

One nation view on state ?

A
  • The state should intervene to bridge the gap
  • PM Macmillan promoted social mobility eg through council houses
  • Disraeli said the palace isn’t safe if the cottage isn’t happy
20
Q

One nation view on society?

A
  • The rich have an obligation to look after the poor (noblesse oblige)
  • Class structure is seen as organic, everyone in society has a part
21
Q

One nation view on economy?

A

Capitalist but due to paternalism they don’t mind state intervention

22
Q

New Right view on human nature?

A

Neo conservatives see human as frail and insecure

23
Q

New Right view on society?

A

Neo conservatives wanted tougher law and order. they promote traditional family system. Oppose immigration

Neo liberal want people to be free exercising negative freedom

24
Q

New Right on state?

A

The neo conservatives take an anti permissive view on policies eg homosexuality.Neo conservatives persist there should be a strong state

Neo liberals argue that the state should be minimal. Neo liberal see the state as coercive - using threats. They want individuals to be free to make rational choices. They believe that the innovation of people would be suppressed with a state

25
Q

Hobbes believed the govt was necessary because man is by nature more individualistic than social. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

26
Q

Define empiricism?

A

Empiricism- any changes or challenges should be dealt with practically and based on evidence and tradition

27
Q

Who believed that people should sign a social contract to establish political authority, surrendering all but their natural rights to the authority?

A

Hobbes

28
Q

Who believed that organic society s more important than its individual parts as it gives individual rootedness and belonging?

A

Burke

29
Q

Burke argued natural aristocracy should rule over society like a father did over his family (paternalism)? TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

30
Q

Name ways New Right is not a compete break from traditional conservatism?

A
  • NR still emphasise the importance of the state in controlling law and order and being authoritative
  • NR still believe in traditional values that govern society- Judeo Christian morality
  • NR still champion the importance of property
  • NR still agree that human nature is self interested so needs a state to restrain it at times
31
Q

Does Oakeshott support organic society analogy?

A

Yes

32
Q

Nozick argues taxation is a form of slavery as the state gives others an entitlement to a part of the rewards of an individuals labour. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

33
Q

Define what traditional conservatives mean by organic society?`

A

Society cannot be created but rather emerges organically like a living organism . Organic society = hierarchical with the elite having duties to maintain society’s well being

34
Q

Define pragmatism and explain why the conservatives are divided over it?

A

TCs and ON are distrustful of rationalism so believe humans should be guided by pragmatism but Neo liberals have a positive view on human nature so prefer rationalism

35
Q

Name one agreement between Burke and Hobbes regarding humans?

A

Both ridiculed any idea that human nature was saintly or flawless

36
Q

Why did Hobbes argue there was a need for a social contract between the individual and the state?

A

So that we weren’t in a state where life was nasty brutish and short

37
Q

What did ayn rand mean by the term objectivism?

A

no greater moral goal than achieving happiness. This is achieved through rational respect of reality.

4 objectives:

  • reality
  • reason
  • self interest
  • capitalism
38
Q

Why did Oakeshott claim that society merely aims to stay afloat in uncertain waters, rather than sail towards some specific destination?

A

conservatives will deal with today’s society’s issues in practical and evidential fashion, with no clear view how society might evolve in the years ad decades ahead

39
Q

What was Nozick’s view of society?

A

Society should be geared by individual self fulfilment. This may lead to a plethora of small communities reflective their members diverse taste and philosophies

40
Q

Define anti permissiveness?

A

Want to rec verse much of the social liberalism eg: divorce, LGBT, abortion

41
Q

How did the New Right emerge?

A

Crisis in the 1970’s with things like inflation, unemployment, increased crime rates society was becoming ungovernable

Core Political Ideas -(Conservatism/Liberalism/Socialism) (3 decks)

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