Liberalism

Question 1

Principles of Liberalism

Answer 1

Rational
Selfish
Capitalism
Small state
Negative rights
Private property
Rule of Law
Individualist
Individual freedom and rights

Question 2

Thinkers

Answer 2

William Beveridge
Thomas Paine
John Locke
Adam Smith

Question 3

Time William Beveridge was alive

Answer 3

1879 - 1963

Question 4

Famous writing of William Beveridge

Answer 4

Beveridge Report (1942)

Question 5

Contribution of William Beveridge to liberal ideology

Answer 5

Introduction of social liberalism

Creates groundwork for the welfare state

Question 6

Time Thomas Paine was alive

Answer 6

1737 - 1809

Question 7

Famous writing of Thomas Paine

Answer 7

Common Sense (1776)

Question 8

Contribution of Thomas Paine

Answer 8

Anti-religion
Individuals born with natural right to run their own affairs
Individuals can be trusted

Question 9

Time John Locke was alive

Answer 9

1632 - 1704

Question 10

Contribution of John Locke

Answer 10

State is umpire
Can rebel against arbitrary state
Men are naturally born free and equal
Man has property rights

Question 11

Time Adam Smith was alive

Answer 11

1723 - 1790

Question 12

Key writing of Adam Smith

Answer 12

Wealth of Nations

Question 13

Contribution of Adam Smith

Answer 13

Beleif in capitalism

Manchester School of liberalism and economics

Question 14

Strands of liberalism

Answer 14

Libertarianism
Neo-liberalism
Progressive liberalism

Question 15

Libertarianism

Answer 15

Extreme
Complete free market
Complete freedom
Hayek
Milton Friedman
Rothbard (anarcho-capitalist)

Question 16

Neo-liberalism

Answer 16

Authoritarian
State used to enforce capitalism
Strong state power
Curb rights to have capitalism
Margaret Thatcher

Question 17

Progressive liberalism

Answer 17

Keynesianism
Welfarism
Try to address inequlitiyes
Focus on positibe rights

Question 18

Marxist critique

Answer 18

Capitalist exploitation
Negative rights aren’t useful ==> need positive rights
Meritocracy doesn’t exist
Individual focus doesn’t help community ==> man is a social animal

Question 19

Feminist critique

Answer 19

Oppression of women through capitalism but also there is structural inequality which aren’t sorted out

Question 20

Conservative critique

Answer 20

Some people are inherently privilged

Some privileges are useful

Question 21

Ecologist critique

Answer 21

Can’t combat climate change
Need a state to enforce climate policy
General criticisms of capitalism

Question 22

CRT Critique

Answer 22

Can’t combat racial discrimination

Question 23

General critiques

Answer 23

Do we kow our own interests?

There is an issue of free riders

Question 24

Harm Principle

Answer 24

any part of a person’s conduct affects prejudicially the interests of others, society has jurisdiction over it
JS. Mill

Question 25

How does the harm principle work?

Answer 25

State has power over you, in order to stop “harm”

Question 26

Issues with the harm principle

Answer 26

How free should free speech be?
Unequal power relations
How does harm to the self work in the eqaution?
Stretching the healthcare system

Question 27

Issue of the Free Rider

Answer 27

Free rider = most rational human?
Liberalism says free riders don’t have interests
Interest to help the collective?