Liberalism Flashcards
Classical liberal beliefs
Negative liberty - no external interference - laissez faire
Individualism
Limited gov
Modern liberal beliefs
Positive liberty - freedom with interference
Gov intervention to a certain extent- some regulation
Mercantilism
Heavy government control
Friedriech Hayek
CL Neo lib - opposes welfare state - cut gov intervention
Laissez faire
John Locke
CL - social contract - agreement to respect laws as long as they do not act tyrannical
State only protect - ‘life , liberty , property’
Herbert Spencer
CL - social Darwinism - survival of the fittest no attempt by gov to help
Jeremy Bentham
CL- utilitarianism - laws and policies should please the greater number of people
Adam smith
CL - invisible hand - individuals pursuing interests benefit society
+ night watchman state only manage- only protect national security , justice and provide public goods
Thomas Hill Green
ML - positive liberty - opportunities to live a fulfilling life - healthcare and worker protections
But mercantilism is a no
John Keynes
ML - Keynesian economics - gov regulate the market to enhance full employment and price stability
Laissez faire Individualism= economic anarchy
Betty Friedan
ML feminism - level paying field - gov implementing anti discrimination allows women to compete with men
Mary wollenstonecraft (1759-97)
ML feminism - women are slave
Entitled to the same right as men
John Rawls
ML - strong state reduces inequalities
John Stuart mill (CL)
Individual freedom = essential
JS Mill (ML)
Absolute freedom leads to harm
State can only restrict Individual liberty for protection to others
William beveridge
ML - beveridge report - state interference to stop 5 inequalities
- poverty , education , illness , poor living , unemployment
Isisah Berlin
Coins negative + positive liberty
