Liberalism

Question 1

What are the two types of liberalism?

Answer 1

Classical and Modern

Question 2

What are 3 things all liberals agree on in terms of the state?

Answer 2

• Locke and his social contract
• The existence of government to protect an individuals rights
• Importance of the separation of powers for ‘checks and balances’

Question 3

What are 2 factors liberals disagree on in the state?

Answer 3

• Size of state and their welfare role
• Political involvement of individuals

Question 4

What type of state do Classical Liberals want?

Answer 4

Nightwatchman state

Question 5

What type of state do Modern Liberals want?

Answer 5

Enabling state

Question 6

What is the classical view on state welfare?

Answer 6

Limited welfare
- survival of the fittest
- Darwinism

Question 7

What is the modern view on state welfare?

Answer 7

Welfare promotes formal positive equality, justice and freedoms.

Question 8

Who created the idea of a ‘nightwatchman state’

Answer 8

J.S Mill

Question 9

What was the Jefferson quote on welfare? (Classical)

Answer 9

“The best government is the government who governs the least”

Question 10

What was the John Rawls quote on welfare? (Modern)

Answer 10

“It is the role of the government to distribute resources to different types of people”

Question 11

What was Lord Actons quote on limiting powers?

Answer 11

“Absolute power corrupts absolutely”

Question 12

What is 2 things all liberals agree on in terms of society?

Answer 12

Individualism and their rights and liberties

Equality of opportunity for all over outcome

Question 13

What are 3 things all liberals disagree on in terms of human nature/society?

Answer 13

Type of Individualism
Organic society vs atomism
Individual autonomy

Question 14

What type of equality does Modern believe in?

Answer 14

Substantive equality
(takes into account past inequalities)

Question 15

What type of equality does Classical believe in?

Answer 15

Foundational equality
(everyone equal at the same level)

Question 16

What type of individualism does Classical believe in?

Answer 16

Egotistical individualism
(people are self serving)

Question 17

What type of individualism does Modern believe in?

Answer 17

Developmental individualism

Question 18

In terms of economy what are the 3 things all liberals agree on?

Answer 18

• Private property
• Capitalism
• Importance of taxation

Question 19

What does it mean to be opposed to Mercantilism?

Answer 19

A form of Economic Nationalism that sought to restrict free trade in order to benefit a nation state.

Question 20

What does Locke argue in terms of property rights?

Answer 20

Locke argues self-ownership is a necessary component of freedom.

Natural freedom

Question 21

What is a Locke quote on private property?

Answer 21

‘The fruits of one’s labor are one’s own because one worked for it.’ John Locke

Question 22

Do classical liberals believe in social darwinism in terms of the economy?

Answer 22

YES

Question 23

Which liberals believes in keynesian economics?

Answer 23

Modern Liberals

Question 24

What type of view do Liberals have on human nature?

Answer 24

Optimistic viewpoint

Question 25

What was J.S Mills quote on Individualism?

Answer 25

Over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign

Question 26

What type of Liberal is John Rawls?

Answer 26

Modern

Question 27

What type of Liberal is J.S Mill?

Answer 27

Both

Question 28

Who created harm principle?

Answer 28

J.S Mill

Question 29

Who created the idea of a 'despotism of customs and what is it?

Answer 29

J.S Mill the oppressive power that societal norms, traditions, and expectations can exert over individuals, stifling personal freedom and autonomy. More linked to classical ideas

Question 30

Who said we can redistribute wealth through an enabling state?

Answer 30

John Rawls (Modern)

Question 31

What is Rousseau's quote on inequality?

Answer 31

"man is born free, but is everywhere in chains"

Question 32

Who created the paradox of tolerance?

Answer 32

Karl Popper

Question 33

What is the Paradox of tolerance?

Answer 33

a society that tolerates intolerant ideas will succumb to the forces of the intolerant, which are inherently dangerous.

Question 34

What is a counter to society must be tolerant?

Answer 34

Paradox of tolerance -Karl Popper Leading to an unequal society as not everyones view are taken in equally

Question 35

Who are the 5 liberal key thinkers?

Answer 35

John Locke John rawls J.S Mill Friedan Wollstonecraft

Question 36

Who are the classical thinkers?

Answer 36

J.S Mill John Locke Adam smith

Question 37

2 types of equality

Answer 37

Formal v substantive

Question 38

Who advocated for a nightwatchman state?

Answer 38

Locke

Question 39

Why were CL against a welfare state?

Answer 39

Increases state reliance and reduces self-reliance Invisible hand is better

Question 40

What does it mean to be atomistic?

Answer 40

Society is a collection of purely self-interested individuals

Question 41

What does it mean to have an organic view?

Answer 41

Humans are interconnected over working together to achieve a common good

Question 42

What does the idea of positive freedom mean?

Answer 42

True freedom is not possible without the involvement of others (State intervention)

Question 43

What type wanted laissez faire economics?

Answer 43

Classical

Question 44

What does Laissez fair economics advocate?

Answer 44

A free market (Friedman in the book 'Capitalism and freedom')

Question 45

What was friedman's book?

Answer 45

Capitalism and freedom

Question 46

What was J.S Mills book?

Answer 46

'On liberty'

Question 47

What was John Rawls book?

Answer 47

A theory of justice

Question 48

What does the term 'despotism of customs' refer to?

Answer 48

traditions and social norms have over people, making them follow rules without questioning them

Question 49

What was Mills idea on economy?

Answer 49

Believed in Laissez faire but with small intervention

Question 50

Rawls quote on the veil of ignorance

Answer 50

A truly fair society would be one youd want to enter without knowing your own position

Question 51

humans as being inherently self interested and self-reliant

Answer 51

'Radical egoist'

Question 52

Who advocated the idea of a 'despotism of customs'

Answer 52

J.S Mill in book 'on liberty'