Liberalism

Question 1

Liberalism

Answer 1

Liberalism in international relations is a political and economic ideology that emphasizes cooperation, diplomacy, and the promotion of shared values to foster peace and prosperity among states.

Question 2

Liberalism key figures

Answer 2

Kant, Wilson, Keohane, Nye.

Question 3

Liberalism key concepts

Answer 3

Democracy, free trade, international organizations, interdependence.

Question 4

Developments

Answer 4

• 1919 – to change the world after WWI, topics: peace, international organization
• 1920 – the League of Nations, initial success of L
• Lates 1930s – loses the battle with R
• 1940-1980 – hesitations, partial successes in regional integration (Eur. Ec. Com.). It doesn’t fully challenge R. M emerges as a competitor
• Late 1980s – L proclaims a double victory: ideologically, over Conservatism and Communism; theoretically, over R and M
• Late 1990s – loses field in favor of the emerging SC
• After 9/11, then after the 2008 and 2015 crises: downfall, deadlocks

Question 5

Liberalism Core Assumptions

Answer 5

Liberalism emphasizes cooperation, international institutions, and the role of non-state actors in shaping international relations. It is optimistic about the potential for collective security and international cooperation.

Question 7

1. The individual and his/her rights

Answer 7

The individual&raquo_space;> the state, society, international interests
Human rights = a basic condition to weigh both national and
international systems
Groups and individuals = actors of RI, like the states

Question 8

2. Democracy and rule of law

Answer 8

The domestic – international analogy (≠ R)
The superiority of opening, expansion and liberalization over autarchy

Question 9

3. The trust in progress and emancipation

Answer 9

Entrenched in the Enlightenment
Rationality at the basis of progress
Development may be difficult, but, on long term, it is inevitable
Humanity –common interests; consensus is both necessary and possible

Question 10

4. Peace

Answer 10

The natural state of mankind
The absolute objective
R cultivates war
Dialogue and compromise → peace

Question 11

Liberal Internationalism

Answer 11

Liberal internationalism is a political and foreign policy ideology that emphasizes the value of international cooperation, multilateral institutions, and the promotion of liberal democratic principles to foster peace, security, and prosperity in the world. This perspective is rooted in liberal political philosophy and has been a prominent strand of thought in international relations.

Question 12

Neo-liberal Idealism

Answer 12

Neo-liberal idealism, often associated with cosmopolitanism, represents a perspective within neoliberal thought that emphasizes global cooperation, shared values, and the belief in the possibility of creating a more just and interconnected world. Cosmopolitanism, in this context, refers to the idea that individuals and nations are interconnected, and a sense of global citizenship should guide political, economic, and social interactions.

Question 13

Limits of Neo-liberal Internationalism

Answer 13

Income Inequality, Social inequality and Poverty, Labor market challenges, Financial instability, Resource Exploitation, Market Failures, Reduced Government Capacity, Social Fragmentation, Globalizoation Challenges

Question 14

Classical Liberal Institutionalism

Answer 14

Classical Liberal Institutionalism, also known as liberal institutionalism or institutional liberalism, is a strand of thought in international relations that shares some common principles with liberalism but places a greater emphasis on the role of international institutions in shaping state behavior.

Question 15

Perspectives of Liberalism as IRT

Answer 15

• Nowadays, deep crisis:
• Neo-internationalism, invalidated by the proliferation of the alternatives to democracy
• Neo-idealism, attacked as being the “burrier” of the nation-states;still holding its positions…
• Neo-institutionalism, discarded by the blocking of the European construction, by some regional disintegrations, by the failure of TTIP, CETA etc.
  Reorganization around two poles:
• Confederative Neo-institutionalism
• Radical Cosmopolitanism

Question 16

Neo-liberalism

Answer 16

Neoliberalism is an economic and political ideology that emerged in the mid-20th century, emphasizing limited government intervention, free-market capitalism, and the promotion of individual liberties. In the context of international relations, neoliberalism extends these principles to the global arena.

Question 17

Characteristics of Neo-liberalism

Answer 17

1.Free-Market Emphasis:

Neoliberalism places a strong emphasis on free-market principles, advocating for limited government intervention in economic affairs. It promotes the idea that open markets, competition, and private enterprise lead to efficient resource allocation and economic growth.

2.Globalization and Economic Interdependence:

Neoliberalism supports the idea of globalization and economic interdependence, emphasizing the benefits of international trade, investment, and the integration of national economies. It sees economic openness as a means to foster development and prosperity.

3.Individual Liberties and Limited Government:

Neoliberalism values individual liberties and advocates for limited government involvement in personal and economic matters. It contends that reducing state intervention allows individuals the freedom to make their own choices and facilitates economic efficiency by letting market forces operate with minimal interference.