Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Political ideologies > Liberalism > Flashcards

Liberalism Flashcards

1
Q

what was the englightenment

A
  • move away from religous beliefs (divine right of kings)
  • more scientifical and empirical approach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what was the phrase of the french revolution

A
  • liberty
  • equality
  • fraternity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what did Locke focus on

A

individualism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is john locke refered to as

A

the father of liberalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is mechanistic theory

A
  • mankind is rational and therefore capable of devising a state that reflects mankinds needs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what shaped Locke’s ideas

A
  • his father was the captain of the pariamentary army (during the english civil war)
  • well aqucinated with the first earl of shaftesbury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what should the aim of the state be accoridng to locke

A
  • preserve the quiet living of society
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when did locke think it was okay for subjects to overthrow their monarchs

A
  • to prevent tyranny (this is were the ideea of a right to bare arms originated from)
  • to protect their inalinable rights
  • e.g. right to property
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how did locke think people would form governemnt (contradicotiry to hobbes)

A
  • voluntarily
  • because humans are logical and rational creatures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what did locke argue mankind was

A
  • egoistical and self-interested
  • with an “eternal longing” to be self-fulfilled
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the two strands of liberalism

A
  • classical and modern
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a classical liberal

A
  • earliest form of the ideology
  • freedom&raquo_space;>
  • best achieved by restricting the powers of government (nightwatchman state)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is modern liberalism

A
  • emerged as a reaction to the growth of a free-market
  • did not wish to abolish capitalism but wanted to regualte the markets to avid deprivation and ineqaulity
  • support some kind of welfare state
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is meant by the term “social contract”

A
  • society and state are based on a theaoretical disagreement
  • people shoudl accpet government authority as long as it fulfills its part of the contract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does individualism reveal about liberals attituudes to human nature

A
  • shows that they are more optimistic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what did kant say about liberalism

A
  • should never treat people as a means to an end
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what 3 things does individualism seek to do

A
  • self determination
  • self realisation
  • self fulfillment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

define egoistic individualism

A
  • the belief that human beings are naturally drawn to the advancement of their own selfish interests and pursuit of their own happiness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what do classical liberal believe in regards to individualism

A
  • belive in egoitic individualism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how do classical liberals respond to the problem of sselfishness

A
  • mankind has innate rationality
  • egoistic and reasonable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what do modern liberals believe in, in regards to individualism

A
  • developmental individualism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

define developmental individualism

A
  • plays down the pursuit of self-intrest
  • justifys the support of state intervention to help the disadvantaged
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is a key part of liberals belief in individualism

A
  • tolerance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

liberals attidtudes towards sexual matters

A
  • relaxed, these are private lifestyle choices
  • moral autonomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

example of moral autonomy

A
  • sexual offences act in 1967
  • decriminsalised homosexuality
25
Q

what are the 6 core ideas of liberalism

A
  • individualism
  • freedom / liberty
  • the state
  • rationalism
  • equality / social justice
  • liberal democracy
26
Q

what did locke say about absolute monarchies

A
  • illegitamate
27
Q

what is mills harm principle

A
  • everyone should leave people to get on with their lives as long as they dont harm anyone else
28
Q

what does mill say about free speech

A
  • censorship is the enemy of progress
29
Q

how do classical liberals understand free speech

A
  • there conception of freedom is atomistic
    rugged individualism will make society more dynamic as individuals have to succeed on their own
30
Q

what kind of liberal is mill and why

A
  • “transition liberal”
  • he advocates for universal education which is a positive freedom ,more developmental individualism
31
Q

what do liberals think that the last resort should always be

A
  • war
32
Q

what is an example of rationalism in action

A
  • united nation s
  • liberal dems wanting to revoke article 50 to prevent brexit
33
Q

how can the liberals view of that state be descirbed

A

as a necessary evil

34
Q

lord actons quote on power

A

“power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutly

35
Q

explain the relationship that liberals have with the state

A

comples
- recognise that the state is needed to avert disorder
- andd protect the vulnerable from exploitation
- however they mistrust power because we are intrinsically self seeking
-thus may use positions of power to pursue their own intrests

36
Q

put simply why does the state worry about power

A
  • iberals oppose the cconcentration of political power as it gives people a greater incentive to benefit themselves and to use other people for their own needs
37
Q

what kind of government do liberals argue for

A
  • limited government
    -with checks andd balances
  • ## support devolution (as they dislike the notion of centralised power)
38
Q

define an enabling state

A
  • does not necessarily provide for people but directly create the conditions where people can help themselves
39
Q

what do liberals feel the satets role should be in an economic sense

A

– the liberal emphasis on a limited role for the state also has an economic dimension
- lasissez fair capitalism

40
Q

define laissez-faire capitalism

A

minimal intervention in business and the state by the government

41
Q

what did adam smith say about economics

A
  • self intrest drives economic growth
42
Q

adam smiths quote

A

“it is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own intrest “

43
Q

how do classical liberals view the state

A
  • as a necessary evil
  • laissez-fair economics
44
Q

how do modern liberals view the state

A
  • enabling state
  • promote equality of oppurtunity
  • keynesian economics
45
Q

what is keynesian economics

A
  • state is capable of managing the economy to secure employment
46
Q

deifnf foundational equality

A

a belief that all individuals areborn with natural rights which cannot be taken away

47
Q

what did mary wallstonecraft argue

A
  • women are no less rational beings than men
  • entitled to the same right to pursue a career and to their own property when married
48
Q

what did betty friedan argue that the role of the state is

A
  • a vehicle that could counter dominant patrairchal values and discriminated aginst women
49
Q

what kind of liberal was betty friedan

A

modern liberal
- because she believed in an enabling state

50
Q

put simply what did rawl advocate for

A
  • every citizens should be guaranteed a life worth living
  • difference in outcomes should be kept to a minimum
51
Q

what is the “original position”

A
  • a hypothetical state of affairs before human society has been formed
52
Q

equality of oppurtunity statistic

A
  • 65% of senior judges are from independent schools (oxrbdige and private schools)
53
Q

classic liberal stance on equality and social justice

A
  • full meritoacracy
  • social ineqaulity is beneficial as it gives people an incentive to work hard
54
Q

modern liberal stance on equality and social justice

A
  • degree of state intervention to narrow social inequalities
55
Q

what is rawls “veil of ignorance” experiment

A
  • if given two options of how to enter the world there is a more favourable
  • forces us to think objectivly about what a fair society looks like (its like some sort of lottery at the moment)
56
Q

what 3 things does a liberal democracy involve

A
  • free elections
  • limitations of the power of the state
  • respect for civil liberties and toleration of differnt view points
57
Q

why do liberals support democracy

A

it enables citizens to hold the government to account
- extendning education and participation which ultimatly aids personal development

58
Q

locke quote on economy

A

“government has no other end, but the presevration of porperty”

59
Q

what did rawls say about an enabling state in terms of its economic role

A

exstensive public spending funded by increased taxation

60
Q

what economist do classical liberasl support

A

adam smith, state should adopt a laissez-faire attitude to the economy as too much state intervention would distrot the economy and lead to high infaltion and economic state mismanagement

61
Q
A

Political ideologies (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions