Liberalism

Question 1

Liberalism

Answer 1

paradigm predicated on the hope that the application of reason and universal ethics to international relations can lead to a more orderly, just, and cooperative world; liberalism assumes that anarchy and war can be policed by institutional reforms that empower international organization and law.

Question 2

Diplomacy

Answer 2

communication and negotiation between global actors that is not dependent upon the use of force and seeks a cooperative solution.

Question 3

Zero-sum

Answer 3

an exchange in a purely conflictual relationship in which what is gained by one competitor is lost by the other.

Question 4

The Evolution of Liberalism

Answer 4

• Liberal thought shaped by pioneers such as Hume and Kant (pictured)
• Contemporary liberalism emerged after World War I
  — The League of Nations and collective security
  — Adjudication and the Permanent Court of International Justice
  — Disarmament and the Washington Naval Conference
  — Few goals attempted or achieved

Question 5

Collective security

Answer 5

security regime agreed to by the great powers that sets rules for keeping peace, guided by the principle that an act of aggression by any state will be met by a collective response from the rest.

Question 6

The Limitations of Liberalism

Answer 6

• IGOs do not prevent balance-of-power logic
• Many IGOs are economic in nature and do not address national defense
• Foreign policy framed as a moral crusade