liberalism

Question 1

hague conventions of 1899 and 1907

Answer 1

mitigating the limitations of the conductions of war, they came up with a few rules about the regulation of war, they can go to war but bind their behaviour bc it’s in the common interest of the states.

Question 2

international law

Answer 2

grotius, bantham, gentili

Question 3

economic ideas

Answer 3

adam smith, cobden

Question 4

enlightenment

Answer 4

locke, kant

Question 5

similarity w/ realism

Answer 5

anarchy is the default stage, states act rationally, westphalian state system

Question 6

difference w/ realism

Answer 6

progress and change is possible

Question 7

kantian triangle (3)

Answer 7

democracy, economic independence, international institutions

Question 8

kantian triangle- democracy

Answer 8

the more democratic states you have the fewer conflicts, not all units are similar- political regimes matter

Question 9

kantian triangle- economic independence

Answer 9

1. medium communication: sustained commercial interactions limit conflict bc a better knowledge of needs and preferences, mutual understanding/identity, it’s not relative gains
2. risks and costs: conflict endangers access to markets, imports and capital

Question 10

kantian triangle- international institutions

Answer 10

the more int orgs the fewer states have an incentive to wage war, leaders are held responsible for costs and benefits, they promote peace and cooperation, coercing norm breakers

Question 11

hanseatic league

Answer 11

first attempt at a pan european alliance, coordination of some commercial agreements, longest-running international cooperation effort

Question 12

what was liberalism in the interwar period? (2)

Answer 12

conditions for domestic order to be produced at the international level, harmony of interests states can recognize they have common interests/values that can bind their decisions

Question 13

14 point wilson- peace

Answer 13

peace is not automatic, its is the outcome of conscious efforts

Question 14

what did interwar liberalism fail to anticipate (2)

Answer 14

1. self-interest and sovereignty- joint interests are the interests of great powers, not everyone’s self-interest was considered, states will rationally follow their own.
2. the limited consensus among states- when to sanction. certain behaviour, states didn’t respect rules- japanese invasion of manchuria

Question 15

two developments in the post WW2 period

Answer 15

1. realist challenge (carr, morgenthau, then waltz)

2. the development of international institutions and interdependence after WW2

Question 16

what led to the development of liberal institutionalism?

Answer 16

development of international institutions after WW2 (according to Keohane)

Question 17

liberal triumphalism post CW

• what is it?
• 2 scholars

Answer 17

drop in conflicts ,increase in global trade and the number of democracies (pinker and fukuyama)

Question 18

liberal leviathan - ikenberry

Answer 18

the liberal international order differs from period international orders because the US undertook this endeavour for its national interest, but unlike previously, it accepted some significant restraints on its own actions through international institutions

Question 19

Mearsheimer view on international institutions

Answer 19

they don’t mean that much- they are just a way for superpowers to make sure they stay at the top

Question 20

democratic peace theory

Answer 20

has strong empirical regularity- democracies don’t go to war with each other. people started believing the theory- we should force countries to be democracies so we don’t have war (liberal interventionism- bush)

Question 21

micheal doyle

Answer 21

recognized that liberal democracies are as aggressive as any other regime in relation to authoritarian regimes/stateless poeple

Question 22

phases of liberalism- ikenberry

Answer 22

1. idealist moment: interwar period and the failed attempt to replace old bop with rule of law
2. the US set about constructing ot- embedding certain fundamental principles to the UN charter.
3. American hegemony no longer appears to be an adequate framework to support a liberal international order- the world no longer wants a single hegemon

Question 23

rtop - for and agsint

Answer 23

for- at the heart of rtop is the basic right of security

against- supports the imperialist impulse

Question 24

according to liberalism how do io’s achieve peace? (4)

Answer 24

1. identifying and coercing norm breakers
2. forum for mediating, resolving disputes
3. reducing uncertainty by providing info
4. demonstrating mutual and long term gains of cooperation