Liberal Reforms

Question 1

What was the musical system like before reform?

Answer 1

• serfs were presumed guilty unless proven innocent
• there was no jury, lawyers or examination of witnesses

Question 2

How did he reform judicial system?

Answer 2

• judges given better training and pay
• juries introduced to courts
• volost courts established

Question 3

How effective were the JUDICAL reforms?

Answer 3

success
-much fairer /less corrupt system
- helped established the profession and rights of peasants

Question 5

What was local gov like before reform?

Answer 5

• power only based with the Tsar
• no representation for the common person

Question 6

How did he reform local gov?

Answer 6

• introduced zemstvos 1864 (local gov for towns)
• introduced Mir (local peasant councils)

Question 7

How effective were the reforms to LOCAL GOV?

Answer 7

Not success
- both limited in power and scale
- power still centralised with Tsar

Success
- people were appeased and had an avenue for complaint and employment

Question 8

What was education like before reform?

Answer 8

• church controls education which was very conservative and limited scope
• increased need for education of freed slaves

Question 9

How did he reform education?

Answer 9

-1854 responsibility moved from church to zemstva

• schools became open to all
• primary and secondary education extended

Question 10

How effective was reform to EDUCATION?

Answer 10

Success
- n. Of primary schools increased to 23,000 in 1880 with over 1 million children
- more radical and militant thinkers

Not success
- curriculum still restricted
- high education remained mostly upper class

Question 11

What was censorship like before reform?

Answer 11

• no foreign publications allowed
• strong censorship

Question 12

How did he reform censorship?

Answer 12

• foreign publication could be sold in Russia with gov approval
• 1865 press could report on gov policy

Question 13

How effective was reform to CENSORSHIP?

Answer 13

success
- increase in books published from 1020 to 10,691

Not success
- editors still subject to a degree of censorship
- the gov was very wary of subversion

Question 14

What was economy like before reform?

Answer 14

• heavily dependent on serfdom… when abolished this hindered the economy due to its agrarian nature

Question 15

How did he reform economy?

Answer 15

• abolishment meant economy had to switch to modern goods
• creation of state bank in 1860 meant debts were lowered

Question 16

How effective was reforms to ECONOMY?

Answer 16

Not successful
- economy remained weak and slow in growth

• there was no fundamental reform to the taxation system