Liberal Italy (until 1914)

Question 1

Armies of North Italy and France defeat Austria

Answer 1

1859

Question 2

Garibaldi’s expedition conquers South Italy and hands it over to Victor Emmanuel II

Answer 2

1860

Question 3

United Kingdom of Italy proclaimed (Risorgimento). Parliament elected by 2% of population

Answer 3

1861

Question 4

Was there any unrest in the 1860s?

Answer 4

Waves of peasant unrest in the South

Question 5

Italy gains Venetia. Brings hope to Italy

Answer 5

1866

Question 6

Italy gains Rome and the Pope condemns the new Italian state

Answer 6

1870

Question 7

Italy fails to gain Tunisia. Bad for Liberals as they are blame for military failures

Answer 7

1881

Question 8

Italy joins Germany and Austria-Hungary in Triple Alliance

Answer 8

1882

Question 9

Italy begins gaining land in Eastern Africa

Answer 9

1880s

Question 10

Major peasant unrest throughout the South

Answer 10

1890s

Question 11

Socialist Party created

Answer 11

1892

Question 12

Italy beaten at Adowa

Answer 12

1896

Question 13

What was going on in the late 1890s?

Answer 13

Major industrial unrest in the North, met by fierce repression

Question 14

King Umberto assassinated

Answer 14

1900

Question 15

What was occurring in the 1910s?

Answer 15

Rapid industrialisation in the North

Question 16

Across what time period was Giolitti Prime Minister and what did he try to achieve?

Answer 16

1903 - 1914. During this time he passes a series of reforms to win over the Masses

Question 17

Italy wins Libyan War

Answer 17

1911

Question 18

Mussolini emerges as leader of radical Socialists

Answer 18

1912

Question 19

Franchise extended to most men

Answer 19

1912

Question 20

Red week

Answer 20

1914

Question 21

What was Italy’s stance at the outbreak of war in 1914?

Answer 21

Stayed neutral. People of Italy critical of this approach

Question 22

Mussolini expelled from Socialist Party, and creates ‘Il Popolo d’Italia’

Answer 22

1914

Question 23

Treaty of London and Italy joining war

Answer 23

1915

Question 24

Battle of Caporetto

Answer 24

Defeated in 1917

Question 25

Vittorio Veneto

Answer 25

Victorious in 1918

Question 26

Fascist Party founded

Answer 26

1919

Question 27

Who were the earliest supporters of the Fascist Party?

Answer 27

Ex-soldiers

Question 28

Mutilated victory

Answer 28

1919

Question 29

D'Annunzio seizes Fiume

Answer 29

1919

Question 30

1919 Election

Answer 30

Socialist Party and PPI gain over half of all votes, but fail to cooperate to form one government

Question 31

Biennio Rosso

Answer 31

1919 - 1920

Question 32

Response to Liberals in 1920

Answer 32

Workers seized control of Northern factories, and Fascism began to gain support from conservative groups

Question 33

When did Fascism first move to the Right (Conservative), and how long did it last?

Answer 33

1920, but was ditched the following two years for Fascist violence

Question 34

1921 Election

Answer 34

Fascists gain 7% of vote. Mussolini and 34 other Fascist MPs elected

Question 35

Fascist Party established

Answer 35

1921

Question 36

March on Rome

Answer 36

1922, Mussolini consequently appointed Prime Minister

Question 37

What were peoples opinions on the Italian unification?

Answer 37

- They did not identify with the State as they did not feel involved in its policy makings (they were not given the vote), - Instead, was dominated by the Elite - Even the Pope was hostile

Question 38

How did the unification affect the South?

Answer 38

Their needs were neglected and the debts that incurred after the wars of unification imposed high taxes

Question 39

Why was the unification bad for the Liberals?

Answer 39

It raised peoples expectations of what Italy could now achieve

Question 40

What was the North like in the early 1900s?

Answer 40

- Industrial, especially in terms of engineering in Milan, Turin and Genoa - Widescale migration to growing towns - Po Valley experienced growth in agriculture - Commercial farming grew

Question 41

What was the Centre of Italy like in the early 1900s?

Answer 41

- Dominated by the administrative centre of Rome - Previously ruled by Pope, now he only ruled Vatican City

Question 42

What was the South like in the early 1900s?

Answer 42

- Little industrial growth - Soil was exhausted by this point - Large, inefficient noble-owned estates - 0.01% of the population owned 50% of the land - Frequent social unrest - Powerful Mafia

Question 43

What was agriculture like in the early 1900s?

Answer 43

- Majority of population was rural (57%) - Few large landowners - Most were small agricultural labourers - A number of tenant farmers

Question 44

How divided was Italy regionally?

Answer 44

Agriculture: North (170 lire per hectare) South (80 lire per hectare) Rail roads: North (1370km) South (100km) Roads: North (38,000km) South (13,800km) Illiteracy: North (68%) South (87%) School attendance: North (80%) South (18%)