Liberal Italy

Question 1

Between what years did the Brigands war last?

Answer 1

1861-65

Question 2

When did the pope publish his ‘Syllabus of errors’?

Answer 2

1864 - It criticised the liberal state.

Question 3

When was the ‘Dogma of Papal Infallibility’ published?

Answer 3

1870 - it said the pope could never be wrong.

Question 4

When did Italy declare war on Austria to try and get Venice?

Answer 4

1866

Question 5

When was Italy completely unified?

Answer 5

1870 - when the French left Rome, Italians walked in.

Question 6

What was the ‘law of Guarantees’?

Answer 6

1871 - attempted to settle the Roman Q, by declaring the pope a sovereign person and providing him with spiritual independence.

Question 7

How much wheat had to imported into Italy in 1887?

Answer 7

one million tonnes.

Question 8

What did the government do in response to the imported foreign grain?

Answer 8

Introduced the corn laws in 1887 - protected Italian wheat with tariffs.

Question 9

When was the vote extended for the first time?

Answer 9

1886- only to men over 21 who were literate, south were basically excluded.

Question 10

What was the literacy rate of the south?

Answer 10

11%

Question 11

How much of the southern population emigrated?

Answer 11

70% - particularly to the USA.

Question 12

What did pope Leo XIII do in response to the liberals actions on RE?

Answer 12

1886 - banned catholics from voting or they would be excermunicated.

Question 13

When were the Mediterreanian agreements signed with Britain?

Answer 13

1887 - hoped to reduce the influence of the French in the Med.

Question 14

When were the Milan riots?

Answer 14

1898 - 80 were killed.

Question 15

When was the battle of Adawa?

Answer 15

1896 - 6,400 died.

Question 16

What year was the PSI founded?

Answer 16

1895

Question 17

What was ‘Opera dei Congressi’? Why was it a problem for the Liberals?

Answer 17

It was an organisation that tried to spread Catholic ideas and culture. It often critisised the government.

Question 18

What year was King Umberto assasinated?

Answer 18

1900 - by an Anachist.

Question 19

When was war declared an Ethiopia?

Answer 19

1894

Question 20

When was ‘Opera dei Congressi’ dissolved?

Answer 20

1905 - does this show improvement in relations?

Question 21

What was the CGL? And when was it founded?

Answer 21

Was a national socialist union. - 1906

Question 22

When was the Italian Nationalist Party founded?

Answer 22

1910 - would merge with the fascists in 1923

Question 23

Between what years did the Italian-Turkish war last?

Answer 23

1911-12

Question 24

When was universal male suffrage granted?

Answer 24

1912 - to all men over 21.

Question 25

What was the name of the treaty were Italy as ‘promised’ stuff in return for joining the allies?

Answer 25

1915 Treaty of London.

Question 26

Between what years were the eleven battles of the Isonzo?

Answer 26

1915 - 1917 (a total of 640,000 Italians die).

Question 27

What year was the battle of Caporetto?

Answer 27

1917 - 870,000 killed

Question 28

When was the battle of Vittorio Veneto?

Answer 28

1918. French and British have to help.

Question 29

When was the treaty of St Germain?

Answer 29

1919 - gave Italy it’s rewards (mutilated victory).

Question 30

When did D’Annunzio seize Fiume?

Answer 30

1919 held it for 12 months.

Question 31

What was the ‘Biennio Rosso’?

Answer 31

series of strikes and lockouts over two years 1919-1920.

Question 32

What two groups were heavily involved in Biennio Rosso?

Answer 32

PSI and the CGL

Question 33

How many Industrial lockouts were there over the course of the two red years?

Answer 33

1,600

Question 34

What two groups did the PSI split into in 1921?

Answer 34

Maximalists and Minimalists (ended chances).

Question 35

How many seats did the PSI win in the 1919 election?

Answer 35

156 (PPI won 101)

Question 36

How many votes did the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento win in the 1919 election?

Answer 36

Only 5,000 no seats won.

Question 37

What was the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento?

Answer 37

Mussolini’s first fascist group. (1919).

Question 38

When was the new National fascist party (PNF) founded?

Answer 38

1921

Question 39

How did the PNF do in the 1921 electon?

Answer 39

won 35 seats

Question 40

How many members did the PNF have in 1921?

Answer 40

250,000

Question 41

When was the pact of pacification signed? What was it?

Answer 41

1921 - made peace with socialist. Used to threaten own party.

Question 42

What strike did Giolitti refuse to crush?

Answer 42

1904 socialist strike - wanted to stay neutral.

Question 43

How much did southern agricultural production fall by in 1873?

Answer 43

8%

Question 44

As of unification how many spoke Italian?

Answer 44

only 2% others spoke dialects.

Question 45

What good things happened under Giolitti?

Answer 45

Real wages increased by 25 %, under him the electorate was increased.

Question 46

When was the Banka Rogmmane scandal?

Answer 46

1873.

Question 47

How many governments were there between 1900 and 1923?

Answer 47

22.