Liberal Italy

Question 1

1914

Answer 1

Italian neutrality in WW1, most Italians content with this, claimed it had not been informed of German/Austrian actions and therefore did not need to support the Triple Alliance.

Question 2

Opposition to war

Answer 2

Socialists - saw the war as capitalist and refused to support the war, Southern Peasants - opposed to fighting in a foreign place for land they did not care about, opposed conscription

Question 3

Treaty of London

Answer 3

May 1915 - promised Italia Irredenta (Istria, South Tyrol, Trieste), Dalmatia and African colonies

Question 4

Number of Italian deaths

Answer 4

600,000

Question 5

Social differences

Answer 5

40% of infantry (poor peasant conscripts) were killed or wounded compared with 4% from the artillery

Question 6

Battle of Caporetto

Answer 6

October 1917 - 300,000 prisoners taken, retreat over 160km in disarray. As a result, the government promised concessions, raised expectation

Question 7

Vittorio Veneto

Answer 7

October 1918 - successful major offensive against the Austrians

Question 8

Mutilated Settlement

Answer 8

Paris Peace Conference 1919, PM Orlando walked out of negotiations as Italy gained Italia Irredenta, not Dalmatia or colonies. To deflect the blame, the government said that it had been cheated, widespread disappointment.

Question 9

Fiume

Answer 9

Adriatic port, until 1919 part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, not mentioned in The Treaty of London

Question 10

D’Annunzio seizes Fiume

Answer 10

September 1919 - with 300 ex-soldiers, forcefully seized the city and maintained control for over a year.

Question 11

December 1920

Answer 11

Government action against D’Annunzio, but they looked weak, proved that action could achieve

Question 12

National debt grew..

Answer 12

From 16 billion lire (1914) to 85 billion (1919)

Question 13

Inflation

Answer 13

Over 400% between 1914-18 due to government decision to print more money