Liana Machado Brain Section Flashcards

1
Q

What terms of orientation describe the top of the head?

A

Superior, dorsal

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2
Q

What terms of orientation describe the front of the head?

A

Anterior, rostral

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2
Q

What terms of orientation describe the bottom of the head?

A

Inferior, ventral

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3
Q

what terms of orientation describe the back of the head?

A

posterior, caudal

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4
Q

Where does the horizontal slice of the brain occur?

A

through the middle of the head through the eyes.

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5
Q

where does a coronal slice of the brain occur?

A

through the head and it sits like a headband

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6
Q

where does a sagittal slice of the brain occur?

A

through the midline of the brain along the bridge of the nose

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7
Q

which orientation term indicates towards the side of the brain?

A

Lateral

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8
Q

which orientation term indicates towards the midline of the brain

A

medial

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9
Q

which orientation term indicated towards the same side of the brain

A

ipsilateral

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10
Q

which orientation term indicates towards the opposite side of the brain

A

contralateral.

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11
Q

what are the four lobes of the brain

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

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12
Q

what are the ridges of the brain referred to as

A

gyri

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13
Q

what are the fissures of the brain referred to as

A

sucli

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14
Q

what does the longitudinal fissure separate

A

the left and right hemisphere

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15
Q

what does the lateral sulcus separate

A

the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal

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16
Q

what is the corpus callosum

A

the main fibre tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

17
Q

what is the cerebellum

A

large structures attached to the dorsal aspect of the brain stem

18
Q

what are examples of subcortical structures?

A

the thalamus and basal ganglia

19
Q

what are the three structures in the basal ganglia

A
  1. caudate nucleus
  2. putamen
  3. globus pallidus
20
Q

what are the three brain stem structures

A
  1. midbrain
  2. pons
  3. medulla
21
Q

what is white matter comprised of

A

axons; myelin

22
Q

what is grey matter comprised of

A

cell bodies

23
Q

what % of neurons make up the brain

24
what % of the brain accounts for glial cells
90%
25
what is the role of glial cells
to help support, connect, and protect neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
26
what are the different structures of a neuron
dendrites soma (cell body) nucleus axon axon terminals
27
what is a synapse
this is where the axon terminal of one neruon contacts another neuron in order to transmit information.
28
what are the two sides of a synapse
the presynaptic and postsynaptic
29
what does presynaptic mean
this is before the information waiting in the axon terminals before they synapse.
30
what does postsynaptic mean
this occurs after synapses occur
31
what are the three main glial cells in the CNS
1. Astrocytes 2. oligodendrocytes 3. microglia
32
what do astrocytes do
they form a barrier between neuronal tissue and blood called the blood brain barrier
33
what does the blood brain barrier protect
it protects the CNS from some molecules in the bloodstream.
34
what are oligodendrocytes
these myelinate axons.
35
what do microglia do
they remove and devour debris left by dead or degenerating brain cells
36
What is synaptic transmission
neuronal communications
37
what is an action potential
this is a rapid change in the voltage of the cells membrane
38
what is a cells receptive field
a limited region of space that cells can respond to stimuli.
39
which type of testing enables us to see how many neurons participate in the representation of a single visual image
fMRI - it allows simultaneous detection of the entire neuronal population that responds to each stimulus.