Liana Machado Brain Section Flashcards
What terms of orientation describe the top of the head?
Superior, dorsal
What terms of orientation describe the front of the head?
Anterior, rostral
What terms of orientation describe the bottom of the head?
Inferior, ventral
what terms of orientation describe the back of the head?
posterior, caudal
Where does the horizontal slice of the brain occur?
through the middle of the head through the eyes.
where does a coronal slice of the brain occur?
through the head and it sits like a headband
where does a sagittal slice of the brain occur?
through the midline of the brain along the bridge of the nose
which orientation term indicates towards the side of the brain?
Lateral
which orientation term indicates towards the midline of the brain
medial
which orientation term indicated towards the same side of the brain
ipsilateral
which orientation term indicates towards the opposite side of the brain
contralateral.
what are the four lobes of the brain
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
what are the ridges of the brain referred to as
gyri
what are the fissures of the brain referred to as
sucli
what does the longitudinal fissure separate
the left and right hemisphere
what does the lateral sulcus separate
the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal
what is the corpus callosum
the main fibre tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
what is the cerebellum
large structures attached to the dorsal aspect of the brain stem
what are examples of subcortical structures?
the thalamus and basal ganglia
what are the three structures in the basal ganglia
- caudate nucleus
- putamen
- globus pallidus
what are the three brain stem structures
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla
what is white matter comprised of
axons; myelin
what is grey matter comprised of
cell bodies
what % of neurons make up the brain
10%
what % of the brain accounts for glial cells
90%
what is the role of glial cells
to help support, connect, and protect neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
what are the different structures of a neuron
dendrites
soma (cell body)
nucleus
axon
axon terminals
what is a synapse
this is where the axon terminal of one neruon contacts another neuron in order to transmit information.
what are the two sides of a synapse
the presynaptic and postsynaptic
what does presynaptic mean
this is before the information waiting in the axon terminals before they synapse.
what does postsynaptic mean
this occurs after synapses occur
what are the three main glial cells in the CNS
- Astrocytes
- oligodendrocytes
- microglia
what do astrocytes do
they form a barrier between neuronal tissue and blood called the blood brain barrier
what does the blood brain barrier protect
it protects the CNS from some molecules in the bloodstream.
what are oligodendrocytes
these myelinate axons.
what do microglia do
they remove and devour debris left by dead or degenerating brain cells
What is synaptic transmission
neuronal communications
what is an action potential
this is a rapid change in the voltage of the cells membrane
what is a cells receptive field
a limited region of space that cells can respond to stimuli.
which type of testing enables us to see how many neurons participate in the representation of a single visual image
fMRI - it allows simultaneous detection of the entire neuronal population that responds to each stimulus.
