LG 3.2 Physiology of Connective Tissue

Question 1

3 general components of connective tissue

Answer 1

Cells, protein fibers, ground substance

Question 2

list some connective tissue cell types

Answer 2

Osteoblast, fibroblast, adiopocyte, chondroblast, chorndrocyte, osteoclast, blood cells, etc.

Question 3

list types of connective tissue protein fibers

Answer 3

collagen fibers, elastic fibers

Question 4

list components of ground substance

Answer 4

water, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins.

Question 5

areorlar Loose connective tissue

Answer 5

Abundant viscous ground substance—fewer cells—fewer fibers. dermis, surrounds organs, nerves, blood vessels

Question 6

Reticular Loose connective tissue

Answer 6

Viscous ground substance, scattered reticular fibers and fibroblasts and leukocytes. location: spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow

Question 7

adipose Loose connective tissue

Answer 7

adipocytes make up subcutaneous layer and cover/surround some organs

Question 8

what kind of fibers in Elastic cartilage matrix?

Answer 8

elastic fibers
• Affords the most flexibility when compared to other types
• Oriented in all directions

Question 9

elastic cartilage staining

Answer 9

o Matrix stains dark blue/purple, lacunae unstained

Question 10

elastic cartilage location

Answer 10

outer ear, larynx, Eustachian tubes

Question 11

Hyaline cartilage prevalence? type of collagen fibers?

Answer 11

o Most prevalent cartilage in body. contains mostly type II collagen fibers

Question 12

Hyaline cartilage location

Answer 12

costal cartilages, articular cartilages, epiphyseal plates, & majority of fetal skeleton that is later replaced by bone.

Question 13

what’s articular cartilage?

Answer 13

• hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones. Lacks perichondrium.
• super slippery to decrease bone and joint friction/wear
• when worn thin, holes develop → exposes underlying bone → causes pain.
• Early stages of this called chondromalacia.
• Later stages called arthritis

Question 14

how strong is fibrocartilage? what kind of collagen fibers?

Answer 14

o Strongest, most rigid cartilage
o Contains most collagen fibers. Lacks perichondrium.
• More Type I (stronger than II)

Question 15

fibrocartilage location

Answer 15

intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis connects tendons and ligaments to bones, and appears in other high-stress areas

Question 16

how common is Marfan’s syndrome? what tissue does it effect?

Answer 16

o One of the most common connective tissue disease

o Affects heart (AORTA), blood vessels, lungs, eyes, bones, ligaments

Question 17

Fibrillin 1

Answer 17

• A glycoprotein that forms micorofibrils that make up connective tissue.
• Found in aorta, eye, bones, lungs
• Does not work properly in Marfan’s

Question 18

what’s TGF-beta?

Answer 18

• Has deleterious effects on vascular smooth muscle development
• Excessive TGF-beta in lungs, heart valves, aorta is caused by mutated fibrillin
• Causes aorta to weaken and stretch → could rupture

Question 19

genetic classification of Marfan’s Syndrome

Answer 19

Autosomal dominant

Question 20

Review the process of hematopoiesis

Answer 20

see typed objectives

Question 21

Use the histology site (Histology-World) to test your knowledge of bone and cartilage histological classifications.

Answer 21

Have at it!

Question 22

dense regular connective tissue

Answer 22

o More collagen fibers—less ground substance—fewer cells. fibroblasts. makes up ligaments and tendons

Question 23

dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 23

o More collagen fibers—less ground substance—fewer cells. fibroblasts. location: most of dermis, perichondrium covering, organ capsule

Question 24

Elastic connective tissue

Answer 24

o More fibers (elastic)—less ground substance—fewer cells. location: walls of elastic arteries, vocal cords, suspensory ligament of pens.

Question 25

What does a defect in Fibrillin 1 cause?

Answer 25

• Microfibrils don’t assembly correctly

- problems with elastic core of collagen as well

Question 26

What happens to the smooth muscle wall in a Marfan’s patient?

Answer 26

• Ground substance replaces smooth muscle wall and elastic fibers = “jello”

Question 27

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells or mesenchymal stem cells can develop into all the follow EXCEPT?

A) Osteoblast
B) Endothelial cell
C) Fibroblast
D) Adipocyte
E) Hematopoetic stem cell

Answer 27

• E)
• MSC’s develop into osteoblasts, endothelial cells, mesothelial, fibroblasts, adipocytes, chondroblasts.
• BUT NOT HSC’s

Question 28

What are the only type of cells, originating from HSC’s, that do not arise from myeloid stem cells?

Answer 28

• Lymphocytes

Question 29

What are chondrodystrophies?

Answer 29

• Disorders that cause cartilage to become ossified or transformed into bone.