LG 3 Flashcards
attention
alert focusing on material
learning curve
upward slope representing increased retention of material
stimulants
stir up body’s activity level which increases memory/learning
depressants
block the firing of brain nerve cells and reduce learning
state dependent learning
when material is learned in a specific state it’s easier to remember in the same state
transfer of training
learning tasks will carry over if there are similarities
positive transfer and example
transfer of learning that results from similarities between two tasks, pilots fly in sims that recreate the feeling of a real plane
negative transfer and example
interference of learning due to differences between two tasks, driving automatic cars then driving manual
information processing
methods we take in, analyze, store and retrieve material
schema
an organized and systematic approach to answering questions or solving problems
elaboration process
the process of attaching associations to a a basic concept/other material to be learned so it can be retrieved easier
mnemonic devices
unusual associations made to material to aid memory, usually doesn’t make sense but is hard to forget
principle learning
you focus on the basic idea behind what is to be learned
chunking
putting things into chunks so it’s learned in groups
forgetting
an increase in errors while trying to bring material back
forgetting curve
downward representation of how fast and much we forget
overlearning
learning something over and over again to develop perfect retention
recall
ability to bring back and integrate specific learned details
recognition
ability to pick the correct object or event from a list of choices
interference theory
belief that we forget because new and old material conflict
example of interference theory
like trying to learn a new phone number
what are two theories of memory
- as we learn physical structures of synapses change shape.the changes alter which nerves connect, the more the material is learned the more solid the nerves connect
- synapses grow once a pattern is established. we make memories, they are stored, synapses grow to hold them
amnesia
blocking of older memories or loss of new ones
what are the two explanations for amnesia
- result from a temporary reduction of blood supply from injury that disrupts nourishment of cells that alters firing of nerve cells.
- blow to head will cause major electrical changes that will disrupt transmission across the synapses and temporarily dislodge old memories and wipe out new unstored memories
short term memory
memory system that retains i for for a few seconds to a minute
long term memory
memory system that retains info fro hours, days, weeks, months, decades
relationships between short and long term memory
incoming material goes into STM where it’s processed(making a decision to keep it or not) and the it goes to LTM where it’s stored
how many items can STM hold
7 items
sensory memory system
direct receivers of information from the environment
two types of sensory memory
iconic - “image” a very brief visual image that can be sent to STM
acoustic - “sound” we can hold words for a brief moment in STN
