history

Question 1

what is psychology?

Answer 1

the scientific study of human and animal behaviour

Question 2

what are the 4 different fields of psychology and what are their percents?

Answer 2

48% university, college, school
24% hospital clinic, human service
15% independent practice
13% business, government, other

Question 3

what is a theory?

Answer 3

a general framework for scientific study

Question 4

the two types of psychologists are?

Answer 4

research and applied psychologists

Question 5

what is the difference between research and applied psychologists?

Answer 5

research study the origin, cause or result of certain behaviours. while applied deal directly with patients

Question 6

what was charles darwin’s theory?

Answer 6

animals and humans evolved and changed

Question 7

wilhelm wundt’s idea?

Answer 7

train people to be very accurate in describing sensations from objects

Question 8

what is introspection?

Answer 8

the process of looking into yourself and describing what’s there

Question 9

what was learned from wilhelm wundts idea

Answer 9

humans are so complex that mechanical measurement won’t describe thoughts

Question 10

what was sigmund freud’s theory

Answer 10

we are influenced by things we are not aware of and experiences in early childhood

Question 11

what was william james’s theory

Answer 11

thinking is a “stream” or ideas not separate thoughts

Question 12

what was james b. watson’s idea

Answer 12

everything we are is caused by learning

Question 13

define psychoanalysis

Answer 13

a theory that personality is based on impulses and needs that are unknown to us

Question 14

what is the belief of psychoanalysis

Answer 14

we are guided by impulses in the unconscious

Question 15

what is the unconscious

Answer 15

psychological part of us that contains childhood conflicts that control our behaviour

Question 16

how could freud get to a persons unconscious

Answer 16

by talking to a person long enough

Question 17

what is free association

Answer 17

freudian process where a person says everything that appears in the mind

Question 18

what is repression

Answer 18

the process of pushing the needs and desires that cause guilt into the unconscious

Question 19

what was carl jungs idea

Answer 19

the unconscious is a well of mystical and religious beliefs that controls behaviour

Question 20

what are archetypes

Answer 20

inherited universal human concepts

Question 21

what is the collective unconscious

Answer 21

jungs term for the portion of a person that contains ideas shared by the whole human race

Question 22

define persona

Answer 22

a mask people wear to hide what they really are or feel

Question 23

what was karen horneys idea

Answer 23

humans feel most helpless around the issues of getting enough love

Question 24

what was alfred alders idea

Answer 24

one of the biggest problems that people face is trying to feel important and worthwhile around others

Question 25

what was erik erickson’s theory

Answer 25

life is divided into eight stages, the social forces and relationships shape the persons personality

Question 26

what are the eight stages of erickson’s theory

Answer 26

infancy, year 2, ages 3-5, ages 6-12, adolescence, late teens-age 30, 30-65, 65+

Question 27

what are the meanings of the eight stages

Answer 27

1. trust vs mistrust
2. autonomy vs shame
3. initiative vs guilt
4. industry vs. inferiority
5. identity vs identity confusion
6. intimacy vs isolation
7. generativity vs stagnation
8. ego integrity vs ego despair

Question 28

what was john b. watson’s theory

Answer 28

we are afraid of objects or situations because of the frightening associations we have with them in the past

Question 29

what was BF skinners theory

Answer 29

everything we do if the result of a mechanical association of events with their consequences

Question 30

define reinforcements

Answer 30

events that strengthen a behaviour by bringing the desired results

Question 31

what is modeling

Answer 31

albert banduras term for learning by imitation

Question 32

what was albert banduras theory

Answer 32

learning is a process of association

Question 33

what is behaviourism

Answer 33

a personality theory that focuses on overt acts or behaviours rather than consciousness or unconsciousness

Question 34

what is humanism

Answer 34

personality theory that places emphasis on the positive potential of the person

Question 35

define ideal self

Answer 35

the goal of each persons development; perfection

Question 36

define self actualized

Answer 36

the state of having brought to life the full potential of our skills

Question 37

what is eclecticism

Answer 37

the process of making your own system by borrowing from two or more systems

Question 38

what is the neurobiological approach

Answer 38

viewing behaviour as the result of nervous system functions and biology

Question 39

what is the behavioural approach

Answer 39

viewing behaviour as the product of learning and associations

Question 40

what is the humanistic approach

Answer 40

believing that people are good and that our nature is such that we could reach perfection

Question 41

what is the psychoanalytic approach

Answer 41

a system of viewing the individual as the the product of unconscious forces

Question 42

what is the cognitive approach

Answer 42

how humans use mental processes to handle problems or develop personalities

Question 43

what is the sociocultural approach

Answer 43

behaviour viewed as strongly influenced by the rules and expectations of specific social groups or cultures