LG#1 : Doing Philosophy - Philosophy: Meaning, Branches, Founders, and Proponents (1st Grading Period) Flashcards
1
Q
- It means “Love of Wisdom” or “Love of Knowledge”.
- It is also defined as the science that by natural light of reason studies the first causes of high principles of all things.
A
Philosophy
2
Q
- It is an organized body of knowledge.
- It is systematic.
- It follows certain steps or employs certain procedures.
A
Science
3
Q
- It uses a philosopher’s natural capacity to think or human reason or the so-called unaided reason.
A
Natural Light of Reason
4
Q
- It makes philosophy distinct from other science because it is not one dimensional or partial.
- A philosopher does not limit himself to a particular object of inquiry.
- Philosophy is multidimensional or holistic.
A
Study of All Things
5
Q
4 First Causes or Highest Principles (PINES)
A
- Principle of Identity
- Principle of Non-Contradiction
- Principle of Excluded Middle
- Principle of Sufficient Reason
6
Q
- Whatever is; whatever is not is not.
- Everything is its own being, and not being is not being.
A
Principle of Identity
7
Q
- It is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time.
A
Principle of Non-Contradiction
8
Q
- A thing is either is or is not; between being and not-being, there is no middle ground possible.
A
Principle of Excluded Middle
9
Q
- Nothing exists without sufficient reason for its being and existence.
A
Principle of Sufficient Reason
10
Q
- It is an extension of a fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know what is real.
A
Metaphysics
11
Q
- Their task is to explain that part of our experience which we call unreal in terms of what we call real.
- We try to make thing comprehensible by simplifying or reducing the mass we call appearance to a relatively fewer number of things we call reality.
A
Metaphysician
12
Q
- He claims that everything we see is Water (“Reality”) and everything else “Appearance”.
A
Thales
13
Q
- Their theories are based on unobservable entities: Mind and Matter.
- They explain the observable in terms of the unobservable.
A
Idealist and Materialist
14
Q
- Nothing we experience in the physical world with out five senses is real.
- Reality is unchanging, eternal, immaterial, and can be detected only by the intellect.
- He calls these realities as ideas of forms.
A
Plato
15
Q
- It explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates human actions.
- It is a study of the nature of moral judgments.
- Philosophical ethics attempts to provide an account of our fundamental ethical ideas.
- It insists that obedience to moral law be given a rational foundation.
A
Ethics
16
Q
- To be happy is to live a virtuous life.
- He states that virtue is an awakening of the seeds of good deeds that lay dormant in the mind and heart of a person which can be achieved through self-knowledge.
True knowledge = Wisdom = Virtue
Courage as virtue is also knowledge.
A
Socrates
17
Q
- It is an awakening of the seeds of good deeds that lay dormant in the mind and heart of a person which can be achieved through self-knowledge.
A
Virtue
18
Q
- An African-American who wanted equal rights for the blacks.
- His philosophy uses the same process as Hegel’s dialectic (Thesis > Antithesis > Synthesis).
A
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois
19
Q
- It deals with nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge.
- It explains:
(1) how we know what we claim to know;
(2) how we can find out what we wish to know; and
(3) how we can differentiate truth from falsehood. - It addresses varied problems: the reliability, extent, and kinds of knowledge; truth; language; and science and scientific knowledge.
A
Epistemology
20
Q
- It gives importance to particular things seen, heard, and touched.
- It forms general ideas through the examination of particular facts.
A
Induction
21
Q
- It advocates of induction method.
A
Empiricist
22
Q
- It is the view that knowledge can be attained only through sense experience.
A
Empiricism
23
Q
- It gives importance to general law from which particular facts are understood or judged.
A
Deduction
24
Q
- It advocates of deduction method.
A
Rationalist
25
Q
- For a rationalist, it is based on the logic, the laws, and the methods that reason develops.
A
Real Knowledge
26
Q
- It is the the meaning and truth of an idea are tested by its practical consequences.
A
Pragmatism
27
Q
- First philosopher to devise a logical method
- Truth means the agreement of knowledge with reality.
- Logical reasoning makes us certain that our conclusions are true.
A
Aristotle
28
Q
- One of the successors of Aristotle.
- The Founder of Stoicism.
A
Zeno of Citium
29
Q
Other Influential Authors of Logic.
A
- Cicero
- Porphryr
- Boethius
- Philoponus
- Al-Farabi
- Avicenna
- Averroes
30
Q
- It is the science of the beautiful in its various manifestations – including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic, and ugly.
- It is important because of the following:
- It vitalizes our knowledge. It makes our knowledge of the world alive and useful.
- It helps us to live more deeply and richly. A work of art helps us to rise from purely physical existence into the realm of intellect and the spirit.
- It brings us in touch with our culture. The answers of great minds in the past to the great problems of human life are part of our culture.
A
Aesthetics
31
Q
- A German philosopher who argues that our tastes and judgments regarding beauty work in connection with one’s own personal experience and culture.
- Our culture consists of the values and beliefs of our time and our society.
A
Hans-Georg Gadamer
