Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ClinLab > LFT, Serologies, Cardiac > Flashcards

LFT, Serologies, Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Bilirubin is a product of what?

A

breakdown of heme portion of RBC (porphyrin ring)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Indirect bilirubin travels to the liver bound to what protein?

A

albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Indirect bilirubin is turned into direct bilirubin in what organ?

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is bilirubin excreted from the body?

A

as urobilinogen in the feces and urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 causes of hepatitis?

A
  • Viruses
  • Iron/copper overload
  • Genetic disorders/enzyme deficiencies
  • Drugs/toxins/alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 traditional liver function tests? (LFTs)

A
  • ALT
  • AST
  • Alkaline Phos
  • GGT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Traditional LFTs are markers for what?

A

liver damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 synthetic liver function tests?

A
  • Total protein and serum albumin
  • Prothrombin time (PT/INR)
  • Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
  • Total bilirubin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Synthetic LFTs are markers for what?

A

measure of liver function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 factors NOT produced in the liver?

A

-III, IV, VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do the 5 Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes correlate to?

A
  • LD1 = heart
  • LD2 = reticuloendothelial system
  • LD3 = lungs and pancreas, lymphocyte, platelet, other tissues
  • LD4 = kidney, placenta, pancreas
  • LD5 = liver and skeletal muscle (prostate)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is ALT found and when are they released?

A
  • found in hepatocytes

- released when cells are hurt or destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the ratio of AST:ALT in alcoholics?

A

2 or 3:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is alkaline phos found? (4)

A
  • liver (esp. biliary tract)
  • bones
  • intestines
  • placenta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What causes alkaline phos to increase?

A

obstruction or infiltrative diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. What is the hepatocelluar pattern for AST, ALT, ALKP?

2. What is the cholestasis pattern for AST, ALT, ALKP?

A
  1. Increased AST/ALT compared to ALKP

2. Increase in ALKP compared to AST/ALT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 7 hepatocellular injuries to be aware of?

A
  • viral hepatitis
  • alcohol
  • drugs
  • environmental toxins
  • autoimmune hepatitis
  • Wilson Disease
  • Ischemia
18
Q

What are the 5 cholestatic injuries to be aware of?

A
  • biliary cirrhosis
  • sclerosing cholangitis
  • cholangiocarcinoma
  • pancreatic cancer
  • choledocholithiasis
19
Q
  1. What should you expect for LFTs in chronic hepatitis?
  2. What should you expect for LFTs in cirrhosis?
  3. What should you expect for LFTs in HCC or ESLD?
A
  1. sudden elevation in LFTs
  2. LFTs begin to drop
  3. LFTs will be low
20
Q

What are the 4 viral hepatitis?

A
  • Hepatitis
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • HSV
  • West nile virus
21
Q
  1. Which of the Hepatitis B studies, when elevated, indicates infection?
  2. Which of the Hep B studies, when elevated, indicates immunity?
A
  1. Anti-HBc

2. Anti-HBs

22
Q

What are the 3 main values you should test for HBV?

A
  • HBsAg (HB surface antigen)
  • Anti-HBs (HB surface antibody)
  • Anti-HBc (HB core antibody)
23
Q

Which of the hepatitis virus is the most common cause of a liver transplant?

A

Hep C

24
Q

What are the 2 pancreatic enzymes and, when elevated, what do they indicate?

A
  • Amylase, Lipase

- Acute pancreatitis

25
Q

What value is a sensitive and reliable indicator of tissue hypoxia?

A

Lactic acid

26
Q

What 4 conditions may cause an elevation in lactic acid?

A
  • shock
  • vascular occlusion
  • ischemic bowel
  • sepsis (and indicates prognosis)
27
Q

What tubes should be used for a lactic acid test?

A

-iced gray or red tube

28
Q

What are the 4 cardiac markers?

A
  • Troponin
  • CK-MB
  • Myoglobin
  • LDH
29
Q

Which of the 4 cardiac markers is best for measuring if a re-infarct has occured?

A

CK-MB

30
Q

How quickly does CK rise, peak and fall?

A
  • Rises 3-6 hours after infarction
  • Peaks 12-24 hours
  • Returns to normal 12-48 hours
31
Q

How quickly does troponin rise, peak and fall?

A
  • Rises 2-3 hours after infarction
  • Peaks 10-24 hours
  • Returns to normal in 10 days
32
Q

What is the normal range for Troponin I?

A

0.0 to 0.04 ng/ml

33
Q

What 2 values for hscTn indicate an MI?

A
  • change of > 4 ng/L

- level is greater than 99th percentile

34
Q

What 3 things are necessary for an AMI diagnosis?

A
  • Symptoms
  • EKG Changes
  • Elevated cardiac enzymes
35
Q
  1. At what 3 points should cardiac enzymes be measured?

2. At what 2 times should hscTn be measured?

A
  1. 0, 6, and 12 hours

2. 0 and 2 hours

36
Q

What is the cause of HAV and what is the prognosis?

A
  • Food, water borne (fecal-oral contamination)

- self limited 99% spontaneous recovery

37
Q

What is the primary cause of HBV and what is the prognosis?

A
  • sexual transmission

- 90-95% self limited over 6 months but can be chronic

38
Q

What is the primary cause of HCV and what is the prognosis?

A
  • blood borne

- 20% self clearing 80% chronicity

39
Q

Which Hepatitis virus can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

HCV

40
Q

What is the testing procedure for HCV?

A
  1. HCV Ab

2. If it comes back positive then confirm with HCV PCR RNA

41
Q

Which of the cardiac markers would be the FIRST to increase in an AMI?

A

Myoglobin

ClinLab (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions