LFS151.x Chapter 2 Infrastructure as a Service Flashcards
What is Infrastructure as a Service? What is used to make this happen?
- is a** cloud service model** that provides on-demand physical and virtual** computing resources, storage, network, firewall, and load balancers.** To provide virtual computing resources, IaaS uses hypervisors, such as Xen, KVM, VMware ESXi, Hyper-V, or Nitro.
What role plays Infrastructure as a Service in Cloud Computing?
backbone of all other cloud services, providing computing resources. After the provisioning of the computing resources, other services are set up on top.
What does IaaS enable?
enables developers to provision and destroy isolated test environments as needed, when needed, quickly, and safely. The provisioning process can be** easily reproduced** to add consistency to the test environment, not only by the same developer, but by an entire team if desired
What is in AWS used to deploy Infrastructure?
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)
How do Amazon EC2s instances work and what are they?
- Amazon EC2 instances are Virtual Machines
- VMs on top of hypervisors that run directly on Amazon’s physical infrastructure
What ways are there to deploy Amazon EC2 instances?
- Web Console
- Command Line Interface
What runs at the center of Amazon EC2 services?
- Various type-1 hypervisors
- like KVM, Nitro, Xen
What are Amazon Machine Images (AMI) and what do they include?
- preconfigured images with the informationen needed to launch EC2 instances
- include Operating system and a collection of software packages
Where are AMIs stored?
How are they created?
- stored in an AWS repository
- Default images created and maintained by AWS, user community, or custom images we can create ourselves
What are EC2 instance types? And what do they determine?
- determine the virtualized profile of the instance to be launched
- each instance is preconfigured with different compute, memory, and storage capabilities
What kind of EC2 instances are categorized?
- General Purpose Instance
- Optimzed instances for:
- Compute (CPU)
- Accelerated Computing (GPU)
- Memory (RAM)
- Storage (SSD)
What can be additionally configured when working with EC2 instances? What are related Services or tools?
- Virtual Private Cloud for network isolation
- Security Groups
- Amazon Elastic Block store for persistent storage attachement
- dedicated hosts to provision instances on a physical machine reserved for our use
- CloudWatch for monitoring resources and applications
- AutoScaling to dynamically resize resources
What are benefits of using Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud service?
- easy-to-use IaaS solution
- flexible and scalable
- provides secure and robust functionality for your compute resources
- provides guest OS options such as several Linux distributions, macOS, Windows
- enables automation
- cost-effective: only pay for the time and resources used
- designed to work in conjunction with other AWS components, while it integrates with third-party automation tools
- promises 99.99% uptime
- provides specialized instances for workloads, such as high-performance computing (HPC), machine learning (ML), data bases and data processing, batch workloads, media transcoding, graphically intensive, engineering applications
How is the Azure IaaS service called?
- Azure Virtual Machine
- allows provision and management of compute resources
How can with Azure Virtual Machine provisioning take place?
- by web Portal
- ## by Azure Cloud Shell (Command line utility, configurable to use either Bash or PowerShell)
How are Azure cloud services enabled?
- by Azure Hypervisor, customized version of Microsoft Hyper-V type-1 hypervisor
- promises high efficiency, performance and scalability over a small footprint
- thanks to optimization of custom Hyper-V hypervisor coupled with its tight integration with the physical infrastructure
What is in Azure Virtual Machine determined by the VM size?
- type and capacity of the compute, memory, storage and network resources for the VM to be launched
In Azure VM how are VMs grouped?
Grouped in families based on their intended usage:
- general purpose
- optimized VMs for Compute, GPU, Memory, High Performance Compute, Storage
In Azure VM what can be additionally configured?
- Network security groups
- SSD or HDD for persistent storage, optional encryption
- Dedicated hosts to provision VMs on a physical machine reserved for our use
- Accelerated networking for low latency and high throughput
- monitoring resources and applications
- Resource manager templates for VM deployment
- Seamless hybrid connections
- automated backups
What are Benefits of Using Azure Virtual Machine?
- It is an easy-to-use IaaS solution.
- It is flexible and scalable.
- It provides a secure and robust functionality for your compute resources.
- It provides guest OS options such as several Linux distributions and Windows.
- It enables automation.
- It is cost-effective: only pay for the time and resources used.
- It is designed to work in conjunction with other Azure services.
Name IaaS companies/providers?
- Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
- Azure Virutal Machine
- DigitalOcean Droplet
- Google Compute Engine
- IBM Cloud Virtual Servers
- Oracle CLoud Compute Virtual Machines
- OpenStack
- Vultr Cloud Compute Virtual Machines
What are Droplets in DigitalOcean and characterizes them?
- Droplets are Virtual Compute instances
- Linux-based VMs launched on top of KVM type-1 hypervisor with SSD as primary storage disk
How can Droplets be configured in regards to applications?
- While custom images can be built and used
- Droplets can be preconfigured to run applications such as Docker, LAMP, MongoDB, MySQL and Node.js
What is part of Google IaaS model?
Google Compute Engine (GCE)
What characterizes the Google Compute Engine Service?
- allows individual users as well as enterprises to build reliable, flexible and secure cloud infrastructure for their applications
- Virtual Machines on top of Hypervisors, directly on Googles infrastructure
- Linux or Windows guest OS
- Default images are available, users can create custom images as well
In Google Cloud Platform how is Infrastructure provisioned?
- via Console, which is a web interface for cloud resource management
- Command Line Interface
How are in Google Compute Engine different types of instances categorized?
Named “Machine Types”
- to support specific types of applications and workloads
- General purpose
- memory-optimized
- compute-optimized
- Accelerator-optimized
- shared-core
How is IBM Cloud different than other cloud providers?
- users of IBM Cloud are allowed to choose between XenServer, VMware and Hyper-V hypervisors when managing bare-metal instances
- high hypervisor flexibility
What types of virtual servers are available when provisioning IBM CLoud Virutal Servers?
- Public for multi-tenants
- Dedicated for single-tenants
- Transient for ephemeral multi-tenant
- Reserved for multi-tenants committed for a pre-specified term
IBM Cloud Virtual Servers offers what kind of optimized profiles for specific workload types?
- Balanced for common cloud workloads
- Balanced storage (medium to large databases)
- Compute
- Memory
- Variable compute for workloads without constant high CPU-performance
- GPU for high-performance deployments
IBM Cloud Virtual servers includes what kind of Operating Systems?
- Linux
- Windows
With additional software package addons
What are the Benefits of IBM Cloud Virtual Servers?
- easy to use IaaS solution
- flexible and scalable
- provides guest OS options such as several Linux distributions and Windows
- provides a secure and robust functionality for your compute resource
- enables automation
- pay-as-you-go
- designed to work in conjuncture with IBM Cloud components and services
What type of hypervisors builds the core of Oracle Cloud?
type-1 bare metal hypervisors
What is OpenStack what does it allow?
- Open-source software platform
- Allows users to build cloud computing platform for both public and private clouds
- evolved over time to provide other services, such as Database, Storage, Networking
- modular nature
What are a few of the manjor components of OpenStack?
- Nova: Compute service
- Ironic: Bare Metal provisioning
- Swift: Object store, part of Storage service
- Cinder: Block storate part of storage services
- Neutron: Networking service
