Leys Flashcards
(121 cards)
Several factors contribute to the state of nutrition including: appetite, ______, genotype, digestion, metabolism, availability of food, customs and _____.
energy expenditure,
presence of disease
Leptin, ____, and insulin are important regulators of food intake
Ghrelin
What circulates in the body at levels proportional to body fat
Leptin
_____ signals the brain that the body has had enough to eat or satiety
Leptin
Adipose tissue produces _____ that regulate metabolic processes to meet the body’s needs
adipokines
AMP and AMP/ATP regulate ______ that senses cellular energy levels
AMP-activated kinase (AMPK)
What regulates rate-limiting enzymes in energy producing and using pathways?
AMPK
High levels of AMPK activity inhibit ______ and stimulate energy generating pathways
energy-utilizing pathways
Increased ______ increases appetite
Ghrelin
Ghrelin favors accumulation of ___ in the visceral fatty tissue
lipids
Estimated average requirements (EAR) for calories and daily protein requirements change with ____ and ____.
age and sex
The idea amount of calorie intake in a day is equal to the __________.
calorie utilization for that day
________ for a nutrient is a value that is adequate for the great majority of individuals
Recommended daily allowance (RDA)
The estimated average requirement (EAR) reflects amount that is adequate for ___ of the population.
half
What nutrient has the highest energy content per weight?
fat
Alcohol has a _____ energy content
high
T/F Different nutrients have the same energy content
false, different
Increases in obesity are correlated with an increase in the use of ________
high fructose corn syrup
High fructose corn syrup is made by breaking down ____ into glucose using ____ followed by conversion to fructose with glucose isomerase
cornstarch, amylase
__________ causes a number of health problems including: decreased protein synthesis and glucose transport, fatty liver, liver necrosis, and fibrosis, depression, hypothermia, compromised immune function and wound healing, decreased cardiac and renal function, loss of muscle
protein-calorie malnutrition
The health issues associated with consumption of_______ include: mercury exposure, hypertension, elevated cholesterol, long term liver damage, increased risk of diabetes, weight gain and obesity.
high fructose corn syrup
________ is associated with an increased risk for several conditions including: _____ diabetes, hypertension, stroke, dyslipidemia, gall stones, respiratory disorders, musculoskeletal disorders and several cancers including breast, endometrial, ovarian, gall bladder and colon
obesity, type 2
______fatty acids are not essential and provide no benefit to human health
trans
Saturated fats increase levels of ______ cholesterol (bad cholesterol)
LDL