Lexis And Semantics. Flashcards
Lexical item
A word
Semantics.
Meanings of words
Lexical word
Has a meaning
Functional word
Links words to other words.
Noun
Name of objects, places, people, feelings and attitudes.
Verb
Actions, events or states of being
Adjectives.
Add detail to noun
Adverbs
Add detail to verbs and other adverbs.
Usually end in ly
Determiner
Positioned in front of nouns to add detail or to clarify.
Conjunction.
Links words, phrases and clauses together.
Preposition.
Show relationship in terms of time and place.
Pronoun.
Replace nouns.
Proper nouns.
Names of people and places.
Have a capital letter.
Common noun.
Anything or object without a name.
Concrete noun.
Anything you can physically touch
Abstract noun.
No physical existence
Countable and uncountable.
Things you can/cannot count
Collective noun.
A group of something
Types of pronouns.
Personal Demonstrative Relative Reflexive Possessive
Auxiliary verbs.
Assists main verb in a phrase.
Primary auxiliary verb example
Be, do, have
Primary auxiliary verb.
Used to disguise tense
Epidemic modality.
Likelihood and certainty
You MUST be starving.
Deontic modality.
Possibility and necessity- strong and powerful
You MUST leave now.
Lexical connector examples.
Therefore, firstly, later.
Anaphoric referencing.
Subject then noun.
Cataphoric referencing.
Noun then subject.
Ellipsis.
Not answering fully.
E.g. What’s your next lesson
English (instead of my next lesson is English)
Substituting.
Stops repeating.
Material verb.
Describes actions or events.
Material verb examples.
Hit, run, push, read, paint, remove, hold
Relational verbs
Describes a state of being or used to identify.
Relational verbs examples.
Be, appear, seem, become.
Dynamic verb process.
There is a change in state over time.
Dynamic verb process examples.
Paint, remove, erase, eat
Mental verbs.
Describes perception, thought or speech.
Mental verb examples.
Think, believe, love, speak, sing
Intransitive verbs.
Don’t require an object.
Intransitive verbs examples.
Die, sleep, yawn
Transitive verbs.
Require an object.
Transitive verbs examples.
Give, see
Stative verb processes.
The situation remains constant.
Stative verb processes examples.
Hold, love, believe.
Auxiliary verb examples.
Was
Must
Should (followed by verb) e.g. Run
Concrete noun example.
Table.
Abstract noun example.
Fear, love
Uncountable nouns examples.
Furniture
Collective noun examples.
Swarm, herd
Lexis
The vocabulary system of language
