Grammar And Syntax.

Question 1

Simple sentence example.

Answer 1

He kicked the ball.

Question 2

Compound sentence def.

Answer 2

Two or more simple sentences joined with a coordinating conjunction e.g. And, but, or.
Both clauses can stand independently.

Question 3

Compound sentence example.

Answer 3

I kicked the ball and scored a goal.

Should be I kicked the ball start is ellipted.

Question 4

Complex sentence def.

Answer 4

Two or more clauses.
One is independent and one is subordinate.
Linked with a subordinating conjunction e.g. Because, although, if.
Subordinate can’t stand on own.

Question 5

Complex sentence example.

Answer 5

Although he was tired, he kicked the ball.

Question 6

Compound-complex sentence def.

Answer 6

Coordination and subordination.

Three clauses.

Question 7

Compound complex example.

Answer 7

He kicked the ball and celebrated the goal even though he was tired.

Question 8

Declarative.

Answer 8

Telling
Before easter, she had driven to the development in Fife.
S+v (structure)

Question 9

Interrogative.

Answer 9

Asking
Is it done yet?
V+S (structure)

Question 10

Imperative.

Answer 10

Instructing, demanding, inviting.
Look at the evidence.
V+S (structure)

Question 11

Exclamatory.

Answer 11

Telling
That was not an excuse!
S+V (structure)
Needs an explanation mark.

Question 12

Prescriptivism.

Answer 12

Varieties of English other than standard English are wrong and incorrect.
Highly critical of uses that deviate from established ‘rules’

Question 13

Descriptivism.

Answer 13

Focuses on actual uses of language in real life context rather than rules.
Does not involve value judgement.
Standard English is a benchmark but alternatives are variant.

Question 14

Morphology.

Answer 14

The break down of words.

Question 15

Linguistic rank.

Answer 15

M- morpheme.
L- lexical item
P- phrase
C- clause 
S- sentence
U- utterance
T- text

Question 16

Syntax.

Answer 16

How words are put together to make longer parts.

Question 17

Phrase (syntax)

Answer 17

Group of words.

Question 18

Clause (syntax)

Answer 18

Group of words around a verb.

Question 19

Sentence (syntax)

Answer 19

One or more clauses.

Question 20

NP

Answer 20

Noun phrase centred around a noun.

Question 21

H

Answer 21

Head noun.

Question 22

The times.

Answer 22

NP
The- Determiner
times- head noun

Question 23

A small island.

Answer 23

NP
A- d
Small- modifier
Island- h

Question 24

Pre modification.

Answer 24

When the modifier comes before the noun.

Question 25

The pretty cottage by the sea.

Answer 25

The- determiner
Pretty- modifier
Cottage- head noun 
By - positioner
The - determiner
Sea - noun
By the sea- post modification

Question 26

Subject (s)

Answer 26

The element that carries the verb phrase

E.g. I, he, she

Question 27

Verb (v)

Answer 27

The verb phrase

Question 28

Object (o)

Answer 28

The element affected affected by the action of the verb phrase.
E.g. I gave him a pen.
Him a pen is the object.

Question 29

Complement (c)

Answer 29

An attribute- more info on the subject or object.

Question 30

Adverbial (a)

Answer 30

The circumstance of the action or event
E.g. I put the box on the floor.
The floor is the adverbial

Question 31

Constructing the passive voice.

Answer 31

A form of the verb to be + past participle.

The subject is not stated or at the end of the sentence.

Question 32

Active voice.

Answer 32

The subject is at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.

Question 33

Simple sentence def.

Answer 33

Contains one clause and one main verb.