Lexicology Flashcards
Idiolect
The linguistic system associated with an individual speaker - it includes all aspects of their language
Components of lexicology
- idiolect
- sociolect
- word classes: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions
Sociolect
A variety of language used by people of a particular social group or socioeconomic status
Word classes
- nouns
- verbs
- adjectives
- adverbs
- conjunctions
- prepositions
Open word class
Can accept new words - nouns, verbs and adjectives
Closed word class
Cannot accept new words - prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns, determiners
Nouns
Known as naming words
Types of nouns
- proper
- common
- concrete
- abstract
- count
- non-count
Proper noun
A unique entity such a a person or place
Common noun
General item
Concrete noun
Noun you can experience with your senses eg. dog, computer, student
Abstract noun
Noun you cannot experience with your senses eg. intelligence, bravery, love
Count noun
Nouns you can count: if you can add a number to it or an -s on the end eg. cookies
Non-count noun
Noun that cannot be counted eg. rudeness, flour
Verbs
Express actions or states
Types of verbs
- lexical
- auxiliary
- modal
Lexical verbs
Express meaning in a verb phrase
Auxiliary verbs
Construct different timescales, emphasis or give other information
Modal verbs
(Type of auxiliary verb) Convey information about the likelihood of a verb taking place
Adjectives
Describing words that provide additional information to the noun
Adverbs
Descriptive verbs; they describe the way something is done
Conjunction
Known as joining words
Preposition
Indicate how one thing is related to something else eg. at, past, into, on, to
Determiner
Precede nouns and refer directly to them eg. the, a, it’s, those
