Lewis - Duffy Flashcards
In 1979, this antigen joined the Kell system
Kp^c
Antigens commonly found in asians
Kpc
Fy(a-b-) RBCs are resistant to
Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium vivax
In Lewis blood group, another antibody, Anti-Le^b was found and named in what year?
1948
Binds complement and TRIGGERS IN-VITRO HEMOLYSIS
Lewis antibodies
Detected on RBCs as early as 10 weeks gestation and is fully developed at birth
K antigen “Kell”
Most commonly encountered Duffy antigens
Fya and Fyb
Very immunogenic (second only to D)
K antigen “Kell”
Seen in majority of african americans
Fy (a-b-)
A low prevalence mutation result of Kp^b
Kp^a
True or false. The Le genes codes for the production of Lewis antigens
False. It does not produce Lewis antigens but rather produce SPECIFIC L-FUCOSYLTRANSFERASE to Type 1 precursor substance
Kpb is otherwise known as
Rautenberg
The anti-K was discovered by
Robin Coombs
The large external C-terminal domain is highly folded by ____________ having 665 amino acids and 15 cysteine residues
disulfide linkages
Not commonly detected antibodies
Anti-Kpa, Anti-Kpb, Anti-Kpc, Anti-Jsa, Anti-Jsb
Two alleles at the Lewis Locus
Le and le
Enhanced in a low ionic strength medium
Duffy antibodies
How many exons does a Kell gene consist of?
19 exons
Found on fetal red cells earlier than Rh proteins
Kell antigens
The young male medical student “McLeod” was initially
a Kell null but showed weak expression to some Kell antigens
Kell antigen expression is dependent on the presence of this protein
XK protein
In Lewis blood group, mothers who are Le (a-b+) may be
Le (a-b-)
Increased in muscle dystrophy during McLeod syndrome
CK-MM and Carbonic anhydrase III
Le genes codes for:
L-fucosyltransferase
Lewis blood group was reported in this year
1946
A phenotype discovered by Allen and his coworkers
McLeod Phenotype
In 1946, the Kell antibody “Anti-k” was first identified in the _________ of _________. It reacted with the RBCs of her newborn infant, her older daughter, and her husband.
serum of Mrs. Kelleher
A major allele in blacks
Fy
In what year was the antigen Js^a described? To whom is it named after?
1958; first producer- John Sutter
Present with muscle and nerver disorders
McLeod Syndrome (Neuroacanthocytosis)
Two alleles at the Secretory Locus
Se and se
L-fucosyltransferase adds ___________ to ______________ of Type 1 precursor to form Le^a
fucose to N-acetylglucosamine
Duffy glycoprotein traverses the cell membrane
7 times (with 2 disuldife bridges)
Most commonly encountered antibody next to ABO and Rh
Anti-K
Duffy antigens reside on
a glycroprotein of 336 amino acids
A substance secreted REGARDLESS OF SECRETORY STATUS
Le(a+b-) or Le^a
Found in 2% of whites
Kp^a
Kx antigen is present on ALL RBCs except those of the
McLeod Phenotype
Site of the different Kell genes that produce the antigens of the Kell blood group system
Kell locus
High prevalence Kell antigens
Kpb antigen; Jsb antigen
k antigen is detected as early as 7 weeks, it is otherwise known as
cellano
Why is Lewis not a true blood group antigen?
It is acquired from the body tissues/secretions
An antigen that is weak during pregnancy
Lewis
Carries Kx antigen
Xk protein
A multiply transfused hemophillac who in 1950 was fount out to produce antibodies against an antigen named “Fy^a”
Mr. Duffy
Conditions associated with McLeod Syndrome
Muscle dystrophy, Cardiomegaly, and chronic granulomatous disease
The antithetical k is otherwise known as
cellano
Found and soluble in plasma and saliva
Lewis “Le” Blood Group
The kp^a antigen and null phenotype were described in what year?
1957
Lewis antigens are resistant to
treatment by enzymes, Dithiothreitol, and Glycine-acid EDTA
In what year was K11 antigen first reported?
1971
Observed in McLeod Syndrome (BARLS)
Bilirubinemia
Acanthocytosis
Reticulocytosis
Low haptoglobin
Splenomegaly
Stimulated by pregnancy or tranfusion and persist for years
Anti-K
Lewis antibody was later called
Anti-Le^a
Also known as the plasma antigen
Lewis “Le”
A gene independent to KEL gene
XK gene
The amino acid at position ____ on Duffy glycoprotein defines Fya and Fyb polymorphism
42
The Le gene is linked to what genes?
H and Se genes
Duffy antigens are destroyed by
Proteolytic enzymes (Ficin, Papain, Bromelin, Chymotrypsin)
Kell glycoproteins are members of what family?
Neprilysin
Lewis typing may be impossible until about ______ years of age
6
A high prevalence antigen describe by Levine and group in 1949
antithetical k or cellano
Sulfhydryl reagents (3)
2-mercaptoethanol
Dithiothreitol
2-aminoethyl-isothiouronium bromide
Reacts at immediate spin
Lewis antibodies
Formed by Se by adding fucose to terminal galactose on type 1 precursor
H structure
Mcleod syndrome
Neuroacanthocytosis syndrome
The Anti-Le^a agglutinated RBCs from about _______% of english people.
25
5 sets of alleles that produce the Kell system’s antithetical antigens exist within the Kell locus. What are these sets?
1) K and k
2) Kpa and Kpb
3) Jsa and Jsb
4) K11 and K17
5) K14 and K24
The Kell glycoprotein is linked with ________ by a disuflide bond at Cys72 of Kell protein to the Cys347 of the ________
XK protein; XK glycoprotein
Binds variety of proinflammatory cytokines
Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines
From genetic interaction of Lele and Sese genes
Lewis Le(a-b+)
In what year were Js^a and Js^b officially added to the Kell system?
1965
McLeod phenotype has been associated with
mutations and deletions at the XK locus
Found in 20% blacks
Js^a
IgM anti-K is stimulated by
bacterial infections
superfamily of chemokin receptors
Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines
True or False. Js^a and Js^b are antithetical antigens and are both related to Kell system
True
Development of Lewis antigen structure begins in the ___________ and may continue for _________.
first week after birth; six years
Low-incidence Kell antigen foun in 1985
K24
a patient’s red cells lacks the entire Kell glycoprotein, therefore no Kell antigens
K0 (Kell null phenotype)
Kell antigens are sensitive to this treatment which reduces disulfide bonds of the protein
Sulfhydryl reagents
Blood to be received by patients with Anti-K
antigen-negative blood
Rare and are common in males via inheritance of X-linked through a carrier mother
McLeod phenotype
How many genes to produce Lewis antigens? What are these?
3 genes: H, Se, and Le genes
Low prevalence antigen
K antigen “Kell”
Influence the expression of Lewis antigens
Hh and Sese genes
Different Kell antigens are due to
single base mutations that results to amino acid substitutions
True or false. Lewis antigens are antithetical.
False
Duffy antibodies that are common and usually in a MIXTURE OF ANTIBODIES
Anti-Fya
Rarely bind complement
Duffy antibodies
Kp^a antigen
Penny
Kell glycoprotein has been characterized as _________ which is central to zinc binding and catalytic activity
zinc endopeptidase
The gene encoding for the Kpa antigen is associated wtih
suppression of other Kell antigens
Glycoprotein location of Kell antigens
Type II glycoprotein with 731 amino acids
Duffy gene was linked to a visible, inherited abnormality in what chromosome?
Chromosome 1
H gene adds L-fucose to ________ of the precursor subtance forming the Le^b antigen
galactose
Kell Antigens described in 1958
Js^a and Kp^b
L-fucosyltransferase adds ________ to _________ to form Le^b
fucose to H structure
antigens also found on lymphocytes and platelets
Lewis antigens
Kx blood group can be found in (SHEBL)
Skeletal muscle
Heart
Erythroid tissue
Brain
Lymphoid organs
Inherited independently of the Kell antigens
Kx antigen
Le genes and location
Le/FUT3; short arm of chromosome 19p13.3
The Mcleod phenottype RBC lacks __________ with decreased expression of _____________.
lacks Kx and Km
decreased expression of other Kell antigens
Le gene adds L-fucose to the N-acetylglucosamine of the __________ substance to form the Le^a antigen
Type 1 precursor
_______________ domain is intracellular
N terminal
Anti-Fy^b was described in:
the serum of Mrs. Hahn following the birth of her third child
Found ONLY on RBCs
Kell antigens
