Kidd - Bennet Flashcards
Kidd blood group “JK”, discovered in 1951, was detected in the ________ of ___________ who had an infant with HDFN
serum of Mrs. Kidd
The antibodies for Kidd was detected in the serum of the mother who had an infant with ________
HDFN
Antibody name for Kidd blood group
Anti-Jk^a
In what year wa the atithetical partner of Jk^a was found?
1953
High prevalence Kidd antigen;
This antigen is present on RBCs positive for __________
Jk3;
Jka and Jkb
Significant cause of Hemolytic transfusion reactions
Kidd antibodies
These antigens are found on most populations, both well devleoped at birth
Kidd antigens
Jka can be detected of fetal RBCs at _______ weeks gestation while Jkb can be detected at _____ weeks gestation
11; 7
Kidd antigens (Jka and Jkb) are resistant to _____________ (2) and are not affected by ______________ (3)
ficin and or papain;
chloroquine, dithiothreitol, and glycine-acid EDTA
The antigens are not found on other blood cells
Kidd antigens
Location of Jk gene
Chromosome 18q12.3
Enumerate all Kidd Phenotypes (4)
Jk (a+b-)
Jk (a+b+)
Jk (a-b+)
Jk (a-b-)
Jk (a-b-) is referred to as ______ that lacks _____ antigens
null; 3
Common in filipinos, japanese, chinese, and indonesians
Jk (a-b-)
Jk (a-b-) resists lysis in
2M Urea
Jk (a-b-) is associated with a dominant gene called _______.
In (Jk) gene
Weak and demonstrates dosage. It reacts strongly with RBCs with double dose antigen.
Kidd antibodies: anti-Jka and anti-Jkb
Found in combination with other antibodies
Kidd antibodies
Stimulated by pregnancy and transfusion
Kidd Antibodies (and Kell Antibodies)
Kidd antibodie reactivity can be enhanced by using
LISS or PEG
Titers for this antibody declines in-vivo. It may go undetectable few weeks after detection.
Kidd Antibodies (Anti-Jka and anti-Jkb)
Known to be notorious for its danger in causing severe/fatal delayed HTR and some HDFN
Kidd Antibodies
Kidd antibody that is and IgG and reacts at AHG phase.
It is associated with both immediate and delayed HTRs and mild HDFN
Anti-Jk3
Discovered I Blood Group
Weiner and his coworkers
The antigen for that agglutinin in I Blood Group “I” is for
individuality
Discovered Anti-I
Marsh and Jenkins
1) A linear carbohydrate
2) A branched carbohydrate
1) i
2) I
These are formed due to activity of glycosyl transferases
I and i
True or False. I and i are both high-prevalence antigens
True
Relationship of I and i antigens
reciprocal relationship
Which among the I blood group antigens decreases during the first 18 months of life?
i
1) Infant RBCs are rich in
2) Adult RBCs are rich in
1) i
2) I
I is undetectable in
Infant RBCs
i is trace in
Adult RBCs
Adults that retain their i antigen
Adult-i
More and more adult i are present in adult RBCs compared to ________.
cord blood RBCs
I and i antigens are enhance by; resistant to:
Enhanced by Ficin and Papain
Resistant to Dithiothreitol and Glycine-acid EDTA
Precursor for the synthesis of ABO and Lewis antigens
I and i antigens
Defines the “i” antigen activity
at least two repeating N-acetyllactosamine units in linear form
Associated with branched form of “i” antigen
I antigen activity
Encodes the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that adds N-acetylglucosamine (G1cNAc) to form the branches
IGnt gene (GCNT2)
Found on chromsome 6p24
IGnt gene (GCNT2)
This can alter the expression of I and i antigens
disease
Conditions where i antigen expression is increased (AHM STS PC)
Acute Leukemia
Hypoplastic anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Sideroblastic anemia
Thalassemia
Sickle Cell disease
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Chronic hemolytic anemia
Sources of I and i antigen (MLP and SSH AU O)
Membranes of leukocytes and platelets (same with Lewis: lymphocytes and platelets)
Serum, saliva, human milk, amniotic fluid, urine, and ovarian cyst fluid
True or False. I and i secretions do not correlate with RBC expression and are thought to develop under the same genetic control.
False. I and i secretions do not correlate with RBC expression and are thought to develop under SEPARATE genetic control.
Common autoantibody found virtually in all sera
Anti-I
A type of antibody that is not associated with in-vivo RBC destruction
Benign antibody
- Weak, naturally occuring, saline-reactive IgM agglutinin
- Stronger antibodies agglutinate test cells at room temperature and binds complement
Anti-I
A benign antibody
Anti-I
Reagent used to detect Anti-I
polyspecific AHG reagent
Anti-I is tested at ___C with enzymee treated RBCs
4C
Enhances anti-I reactivity
incubating in cold
Antibodies with strong agglutination to adult RBCs but weak with cord blood or adult i RBCs
Anti-I
Microorganisms carrying I-like antigen
M. pneumoniae
A strong IgM agglutinin with higher titers and a broad thermal range of activity
Pathogenic Autoanti-I
Thermal range for pathogenic autoanti-I
30-32C
In pathogenic autoanti-I, when the circulation cools in resonse to low ambient temperatures, the antibodies attach in vivo and cause (3)
autoagglutination, vascular occlusion, or hemolytic anemia
Antibody that reacts with adult and cord RBCs at room temperature and at 4C
Pathogenic autoanti-I
Exists as IgG or IgM in the serum of most Adult-i individuals
alloanti-I
A rare antibody that gives strong reactions with cord RBCs and adult-i RBCS
autoanti-i
Not common in healthy indivduals
anti-i
Some are associated with infectious mononucleosis and lymphoproliferative disorders
anti-i
IgG types are rare but are associated with HDFN
Anti-i
Enumerate all the antigens in P blood group
P, P1, Pk, and Luke
These antigens are not considered as a single blood group system
P, P1, Pk, and luke
Antigens assigned to P1Pk blood group system (003)
P1 and Pk
Antigens assigned to Globoside blood group system (028)
P and PX2
Antigens assigned to Globoside collectio (209)
LKE
P blood group was introduced by Landsteiner and Levine via injection of human RBCs to __________ to produce new antibodies
rabbits
This finding divided the human RBCs then into P+ and P-
Anti-P
Anti-Tj^a is now known as
anti-PP1Pk
Present names of P+, P-, andrare P null
P1, P2, and p respectively
The antigen is expressed on all RBCs except those of very rare p phenotypes.
Not readily detected unless P is absent
antigen Pk
P blood group common phenotypes
P1 and P2
Describes RBCs that react with Anti-P1 and Anti-P
P1
Describes RBCs that do not react with Anti-P1 but reacts with Anti-P-
P2
Rare phenotypes of the P blood group
p, P1k, and P2k
This phenotype do not react with Anti P1, Anti-P, or Anti-Pk
p
p phenotypes are common in what countries?
Japan, north sweden, and ohio
Reacts with Anti-P1 and Anti-Pk but not with Anti-P
P1k phenotypes
Reacts with Anti-Pk but not with Anti-P1 or Anti-P
Pk2 phenotypes
P Blood group antigens are synthesized by
glycosyltransferases
Adds sugar to a precursor substance
glycosyltransferases
Precursor subtance to P1 is also precursor for type 2H chains that carry ________ antigens
ABH
True or False. Genes responsible for the formation of P1 and ABH antigens are dependent.
False. Independent
P, P1, and Pk can be found on
RBCs and WBCs
Can be found on platelets, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts
P
P and Pk in plasma, in hydatid cyst fluid
plasma: glycosphingolipids
hydatid cyst fluid: glycoproteins
Poorly expressed at birth and may take 7 years for full expression
P1 antigen
P1 antigen strength varies from
inheritance and race
Differences among P1+ individuals may be controlled genetically or via
homozygous or heterozygous inheritance
Deteriorates rapidly on storage
P1 antigen
This led to the discovert of P1 and Pk susbtance in hydatid cyst fluid
Anti-P1 in two P1-individuals with Echinococcus granulosus worms
Strong antibodies to P1 have been found in patients with
Fascioliasis (bovine liver fluke disease)
In P antigen synthesis :
1) common precursor
2) Carries out Pk synthesis
3) Carries out P synthesis
1) Lactosylceramide
2) 4-a-galactosyltransferase
3) 3-B-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
encodes the 4-a-galactosyltransferase
P1Pk gene (A4GALT)
encodes the 3-B-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
Globoside gene (B3GALNT1)
Antibodies for Luke Antigens, described by Tipett and Colleagues, was found in the serum of a ____________ patient in 1965
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Luke (-) phenotypes
p and Pk
Percentage:
Luke (+)
Luke (-)
Luke (w)
84%
2%
12%
Weak, cold-reactive saline agglutinin
Anti-P1
May cause in-vivo RBC destruction, immediate or delayed HTRs (P Antibodies)
Anti-P1
Anti-PP1Pk was formerly
Anti-Tj^a
Condition of Mrs. Jay, the p-individual where Anti-PP1Pk was first discovered
adenocarcinoma of the stomach
Anti-PP1Pk possesses these properties that may have helped prevent metastatic growth post surgery of Mrs. Jay who had adenocarcinoma of the stomach
cytotoxic properties
Produced by p individuals early in life without RBC sensitizatio and reacts with all RBCs except those of the p phenotype
Anti-PP1Pk
1) Components of Anti-PP1PK which are IgG and IgM
2) components are separated by
Anti P, Anti-P1, and Anti-Pk;
Adsorption
Reacts over a wide thermal range and bind complement
Anti-PP1PK
Can cause HTRs and HDFN
Anti-PP1Pk
A component of anti-PP1Pk in p individuals
Alloanti-P
HLA detectable on RBCs
1) Bg^a
2) Bg^b
3) Bg^c
HLA-B7
HLA-B17
HLA-A28
Importance of studying other blood group system (4)
Avoid HTR and HDFN
Avoid confusion brought up by insignificant antibodies
Avoid mistyping
Properly find and identify potential donors to rare blood group patients
