Lewis Dot Symbols & Chemical Bonds

Question 1

Valence

Answer 1

Combining Capacity

Question 2

Which shell was important in the formation of chemical bonds?

Answer 2

The outer shells or valence shell of electrons is important in the formation of chemical bonds.

Question 3

What are the Lewis Dot Symbols?

Answer 3

Lewis dot symbols as a short cut method for indicating the number of outer shell (valence) electrons in an atom.

Question 4

2 Tendencies of Nature

Answer 4

(1) An increase in the entropy (molecular disorder) of a system.
(2) a decrease in the energy of a system

Question 5

Chemical bond

Answer 5

The Sharing or Transferring of valence electrons.

Question 6

Octet Rule

Answer 6

Natures attempt to obtain entirely filled shells or subshells. In most atoms this amounts to obtaining eight electrons. This observation is known as the octet rule.

Question 7

Ionic Bond

Answer 7

are compromised of positive ions (Cations) and negative ions (anions) that attract each other due to their opposite electrical charge.

Question 8

Electronegativity

Answer 8

the ability of an atom to attract an additional electron.

Question 9

Oxidation

Answer 9

Any chemical reaction which involves the loss of electrons by some chemical specie is known as oxidation.

Question 10

Reduction

Answer 10

Any chemical reaction which involves the gain of electrons by some chemical specie is known as reduction.

Question 11

How are Ionic Bonds created?

Answer 11

Created when metal and nonmetal combine.

Question 12

Ionic Bonds

Answer 12

Oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces creating a stable (strong) ionic bond.

Question 13

Ionic Compounds- Melting and Boiling Points

Answer 13

Ionic compounds typically have melting temperatures of several hundred degrees celsius and boiling temperatures of a few thousand degrees Celsius.

Question 14

Highly Charged Ions

Answer 14

(multiply-charged ions) should have stronger forces of attraction for each other with correspondingly higher melting and boiling temperatures.

Question 15

Smaller Sized Ions

Answer 15

Small Sized ions should have stronger forces of attraction for each other correspondingly higher melting and boiling temperatures.

Question 16

Trends in Solubility-

Answer 16

Ionic compounds containing less highly charged ions (singly charged ions) would be expected to be more soluble in water than ionic compounds containing more highly charged ions (Multiple charged ions)

Question 17

Exceptions when Dealing with Trends in Solubility

Answer 17

(a) Heavy Metal Halides are less soluble than expected.
(b) Metallic hydroxides are less soluble than expected
(c) Metal sulfates are more soluble than expected.

Question 18

Examples of Metal Halides

Answer 18

Silver(I), Mercury(I), and lead(II) halides

Question 19

Exception to the Exception of Metallic Hydroxides

Answer 19

other than alkali metal hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide)

Question 20

Metallic Sulfates

Answer 20

Metallic Sulfates are more soluble than expected.

Question 21

Effect on Ion Size

Answer 21

Larger sized ions —> More soluble

Smaller sized ions —> Less Soluble