Lewis and Structural Diagrams Flashcards
What do Lewis diagrams show?
The valence electrons of atoms and how they are shared or transferred in bonding.
How do you draw a Lewis diagram for an ionic compound?
Show the transfer of electrons with arrows and indicate charges on the resulting ions.
How do you draw a Lewis diagram for a covalent compound?
Use dots to represent valence electrons and connect shared electron pairs with lines.
What do structural diagrams represent?
They show how atoms are connected using lines for bonds, omitting lone pairs for simplicity.
What is the main difference between Lewis diagrams and structural diagrams?
Lewis diagrams show all valence electrons, including lone pairs, while structural diagrams only show bonding pairs.
How are double and triple bonds represented in structural diagrams?
Double bonds are shown as two lines, and triple bonds are shown as three lines between atoms.
How do lone pairs affect the shape of a molecule in a structural diagram?
Lone pairs repel bonded pairs, affecting bond angles and molecular geometry.
How do you determine the number of valence electrons to include in a Lewis diagram?
Use the group number of the element on the periodic table; for example, oxygen (Group 16) has 6 valence electrons.
What is the Octet Rule in relation to Lewis diagrams?
Atoms tend to form bonds so that they have 8 electrons in their valence shell, achieving a stable configuration.
How do you handle polyatomic ions when drawing Lewis diagrams?
Add or subtract electrons based on the ion’s charge and place square brackets with the charge outside the diagram.
What is a resonance structure?
When more than one valid Lewis structure can be drawn for a molecule, indicating that the actual bonding is a hybrid of all possible structures.
How do you represent an ionic compound like NaCl in a Lewis diagram?
Sodium (Na) donates an electron to chlorine (Cl), forming Na+ and Cl-, and the ions are shown in square brackets with their charges.
