Levine (2001) - Theories on which the study is based

Question 1

What is helping behaviour?

Answer 1

voluntary actions to help others

Question 2

What is helping behaviour a form of?

Answer 2

prosocial behaviour

Question 3

What are the theories about helping behaviour?

Answer 3

Kin selection theory
Reciprocal alturism
Responsibility-prosocial value orientation
Social exchange theory

Question 4

What does kin selection theory state? Who focussed on this in their study?

Answer 4

behave in a way that favours chance of survival of those with similar genetic base
Hoffman, 1981

Question 5

What does reciprocal alturism state? Who focused on this in their study?

Answer 5

incentive to help based on expectation that help would be given to them by that person in future
Trivers, 1971

Question 6

What does responsibility-prosocial value orientation state? Who focused on this in their study?

Answer 6

helping is due to feeling of + belief that you have a responsibility to help, especially if you are able to help
Staub, 2003

Question 7

What does social exchange theory state? Who focused on this in their study?

Answer 7

calculate rewards and costs - help if this would maximise rewards and minimise costs
Foa & Foa 1975

Question 8

What did Milgram propose in 1970?

Answer 8

those in urban areas = lees helpful than those in rural areas because they experience greater sensory overoad