Leveraging the AWS Global Infrastructure

Question 1

Why make a global application?

Answer 1

A global application is an application deployed in multiple geographies

• Decreased Latency
• Disaster Recovery (DR)
• Attack protection

Question 2

Global AWS Infrastructure

Answer 2

• Regions: For deploying applications and infrastructure
• Availability Zones: Made of multiple data centers
• Edge Locations (Points of Presence): for content delivery as close as possible to users

Question 3

Global Applications in AWS

Answer 3

• Global DNS: Route 53
• Global Content Delivery Network (CDN): CloudFront
• S3 Transfer Acceleration
• AWS Global Accelerator

Question 4

Amazon Route 53

Answer 4

Route53 is a Managed DNS (Domain Name System)

• DNS is a collection of rules and records which helps clients understand how to reach a server through URLs.

Question 5

Route 53 Routing Policies

Answer 5

• Simple Routing Policy (No Health Checks) = Our Web browser will go into our DNS system, does a DNS query and gets an IPv4 for example as a result
• Weighted Routing Policy (Health Checks) = Allows us to distribute the traffic across multiple Institute instances.
• Latency Routing Policy (Health Checks) = User will be redirected to the nearest server, based on the latency
• Failover Routing Policy (Health Checks) = In case the primary instance fails, then we will be redirected to the failovers.

Question 6

CloudFront

Answer 6

• Content Delivery Network (CDN)
• Improves read performance, content is cached at the edge
• 216 Point of Presence globally (edge locations)
• DDoS protection (because worldwide),integration with Shield, AWS Web Application Firewall

Question 7

CloudFront – Origins

Answer 7

• S3 bucket = For distributing files and caching them at the edge & Enhanced security with CloudFront Origin Access Identity (OAI)
• Custom Origin (HTTP) = Application Load Balancer, EC2 instance, S3 website (must first enable the bucket as a static S3 website) & Any HTTP backend you want

Question 8

CloudFront vs S3 Cross Region Replication

Answer 8

CloudFront
• Global Edge network
• Files are cached for a TTL (maybe a day)
• Great for static content that must be available everywhere

S3 Cross Region Replication
• Must be setup for each region you want replication to happen
• Files are updated in near real-time
• Read only
• Great for dynamic content that needs to be available at low-latency in few regions

Question 9

S3 Transfer Acceleration

Answer 9

Increase transfer speed by transferring file to an AWS edge location which will forward the data to the S3 bucket in the target region

Question 10

AWS Global Accelerator

Answer 10

Improve global application availability and performance using the AWS global network
• Leverage the AWS internal network to optimize the route to your application
• 2 Anycast IP are created for your application and traffic is sent through Edge Locations
• The Edge locations send the traffic to your application

Question 11

AWS Global Accelerator vs CloudFront

Answer 11

• They both use the AWS global network and its edge locations around the world
• Both services integrate with AWS Shield for DDoS protection.

• CloudFront – CDN = Improves performance for your cacheable content (such as images and videos) & Content is served at the edge

• Global Accelerator = No caching, proxying
packets at the edge to applications running in one or more AWS Regions & Improves performance for a wide range of applications over TCP or UDP

Question 12

AWS Outposts

Answer 12

AWS Outposts are “server racks” that offers the
same AWS infrastructure, services, APIs & tools
to build your own applications on-premises just as in the cloud
• AWS will setup and manage “Outposts Racks”
• For hybrid infrastructure
• You are responsible for the Outposts Rack
physical security

Question 13

AWS Outposts Benefits

Answer 13

• Low-latency access to on-premises systems
• Local data processing
• Data residency
• Easier migration from on-premises to the cloud
• Fully managed service

Question 14

AWS WaveLength

Answer 14

WaveLength Zones are infrastructure deployments embedded within the telecommunications providers’ datacenters at the edge of the 5G networks
• Brings AWS services to the edge of the 5G networks
• Ultra-low latency applications through 5G networks High bandwidth and secure connection to the parent AWS Region

Question 15

AWS Local Zones

Answer 15

Places AWS compute, storage, database, and other selected AWS services closer to end users to run latency-sensitive applications
• Extend your VPC to more locations –
“Extension of an AWS Region”

Question 16

Global Applications Architecture

Answer 16

• Single Region, Single AZ = No High Availability, No Global Latency & Low Difficulty
• Single Region, Multi AZ = High availability, No Global Latency & Mid Low Difficulty
• Multi Region, Active-Passive = Global Reads’ Latency, No Global Writes’ Latency & Mid Difficulty
• Multi Region, Active-Active = Reads’ Latency, Writes’ Latency & High Difficulty