Levels Of Processing

Question 1

Posits that:

Answer 1

Information that is encoded at a deeper level is retained more effectively in memory

Question 2

Structural level

Answer 2

Involves encoding of physical features of stimuli

Question 3

Phonological level

Answer 3

Involves encoding of sound of stimuli

Question 4

Semantic level

Answer 4

Involves encoding of meaning of stimuli.
This entails making
1. Meaningful connections and associations
2. Dropper linking to prior knowledge

Question 5

Depth of processing

If:

Answer 5

1. Information is perceived at the semantic level

2. As it moves through the levels

Question 6

Deepest form of processing:

More superficial:

Answer 6

Semantic level

Structural level

Question 7

Evaluation

Answer 7

1. First model to suggest that greater depth leads to better memory
2. Testable

Question 8

CRAIK AND TALVING

AIM

Answer 8

Investigate the effects of levels of processing

Question 9

CRAIK AND TALVING

METHOD

Answer 9

1. Participants were asked one of the three types of yes or no questions (each related to different level of processing)
2. Show a word and had to answer to yes or no question
3. Free recall task

Question 10

CRAIK AND TALVING

RESULTS

Answer 10

The words that were perceived on the SEMANTIC LEVEL were remembered better

Question 11

CRAIK AND TALVING

CONNECTION TO THEORY

Answer 11

This study supports the idea that consolidation of memory is not only due to rehearsal but how the information was processed at the stage of encoding