Level of Prevention/Interventions

Question 1

Primary Preventions

Answer 1

before injury or presence of condition or disease

Question 2

Secondary Preventions

Answer 2

early detection, risk reduction, and mitigate progression of condition or disease

Question 3

Tertiary Preventions

Answer 3

treatment and recovery of condition or disease with the goal of symptom reduction and improvement in quality of life

Question 4

Upstream

Answer 4

ensures everyone in the population has access to the conditions through actions taken at the societal level (state or federal level)
* Could be policy approaches that tighten regulation, increase access, provides economic incentives
* Everyone in all communities should have these conditions
o EX- state laws that ban smoking in public places

Question 5

Midstream

Answer 5

changes conditions from those that negatively affects people’s health to ones that positively affect their health → community level
* Most likely takes place at the organization level or in the community
* Move people from conditions that decrease health and well being to conditions that support them
* Ex
o Employer enforcing higher insurance premium for tobacco users
o Employers allowing their employees paid time off to visit their primary care providers
o Things done at the community or organizational level that helps people better access or improve their health

Question 6

Downstream

Answer 6

changes behaviors that contribute to stress or poor health → individual level
* Changes are made at the individual level
* Act to change behaviors or conditions that cause stress and poor
Need action at individual level
Homelessness, poor health status

Question 7

Population or aggregate

Answer 7

group of persons who share a common (at least one) characteristic