Level 5 Affixes Flashcards

1
Q

-age

Examples: coverage, package, storage, stoppage, blockage.

A

Function: Makes nouns from verbs.

Example:
- Store (Verb): To put something somewhere and keep it there to use later.
- Storage (Noun): The space where things can be kept.

E.g.: There’s a lot of storage space in the loft.

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2
Q

-al

Examples: Rental, renewal, proposal, survival.

A

Function: Makes nouns from verbs.

Example:
- Deny (Verb): to not accept something.
- Denial (Noun): the action of denying something.

E.g.: The advertising ban is a denial of freedom of speech.

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3
Q

-an

Examples: historian, musician, librarian, Russian, Asian.

A

Meaning: Makes nouns, showing a job or regional origin.

Example:
- History -> Historian: A person who studies about history.
- Asia -> Asian: a person from Asia.

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4
Q

-ary

Example: secondary, imaginary, momentary, honorary, commentary.

A

Function: Makes adjectives.

Example:
- Diet (Noun): the food and drink that you have regularly
- Dietary (Adj): connected with the food you have regularly.

E.g.: He receives dietary advice from his doctor.

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5
Q

-ance

Example: insurance, appearance, acceptance, allowance.

A

Function: Makes nouns from verbs.

Example:
- Remember (Verb): To keep an image in your memory of an event, a person, etc. from the past
- Remembrance (Noun): The act or process of remembering an event or a person in the past.

E.g.: A ceremony was held in remembrance of soldiers killed in the war.

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6
Q

-dom

Example: freedom, kingdom, boredom, stardom, wisdom

A

Function: Makes nouns
Meaning: The state of being; or imply an area of control

Example:
- Wise -> Wisdom: The state of being wise
- King -> Kingdom: A realm ruled by a king.

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7
Q

-eer

Example: mountaineer, black marketeer, engineer, musketeer

A

Meaning: Person

Example:
- Auction (Noun): A public sale in which things are sold to the person who offers the most money for them.
- Auctioneer (Noun): A person whose job is to direct an auction and sell the goods.

E.g.: The auctioneer led the auction

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8
Q

-ship

Example: relationship, leadership, lordship, friendship.

A

Function: Makes nouns indicating a state of being.

Example:
- Member (Noun): a person belongs to a particular group.
- Membership (Adj): the state of being a member of a group.

E.g.: The club has a membership of more than 500.

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9
Q

-ant

Example: informant, dependant, assistant, variant, attendant.

A

Function: Makes nouns from verbs.
Meaning: Adding the meaning “a person/thing whose job is”

Example:
- Consult (Verb): to discuss with somebody to get advice.
- Consultant (Noun): a person whose job is to give advice.

E.g.: A technology/design consultant.

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10
Q

-en

Example: straighten, soften, shorten, brighten, quicken, deepen

A

Function: Makes verbs from adjectives.
Meaning: “to cause to be” or “to make.”

Example:
- Bright (Adj): Full of light; shining strongly
- Brighten (Adj): To make brighter

E.g.: The morning sunshine brightened the room.

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11
Q

-ence

Example: difference, existence, reference, excellence.

A

Function: Makes nouns from verbs.

Example:
- Prefer (Verb): To like one thing or person better than another.
- Preference (Noun): A greater interest in or desire for somebody/something than somebody/something else

E.g.: Many people expressed a strong preference for the original plan.

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12
Q

-ent

Example: different, nonexistent, insistent, persistent.

A

Function: Makes adjectives from verbs.

Example:
- Emerge (Verb): to become known.
- Emergent (Adj): new and still developing.

E.g.: The emergent trend in technology is shaping how we interact with our devices.

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13
Q

-ery

Example: machinery, pottery, finery, cookery, fishery, slavery.

A

Meaning: Nouns, usually indicating a collection or group

Example:
- Robber (Verb): A person who steals from a person or place.
- Robbery (Noun): The crime of stealing money or goods from a bank, shop, person, etc.

E.g.: There has been many robberies in the area recently.

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14
Q

-ence

Example: clearance, dependence, assistance, performance.

A

Function: Makes nouns from verbs.

Example:
- Clear (Verb): to remove things that are not wanted or needed.
- Clearance (Noun): the process of removing things that are not wanted.

E.g.: A a clearance sale

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15
Q

-hood

Example: neighborhood, childhood, manhood, brotherhood.

A

Meaning: Indicating a state of being.

Example:
- Parenthood (Noun): The state of being a parent.
- Nationhood (Noun): The fact or feeling of being a nation..

E.g.: Citizenship is about the sense of nationhood.

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16
Q

-let

Example: booklet, coverlet, eyelet.

A

Function: Makes nouns.
Meaning: Little

Example:
- Piglet (Noun): A little pig.
- Starlet (Noun): A little star.

17
Q

-ward(s)

Example: towards, forward, afterwards, backwards.

A

Function: Makes adverbs.
Meaning: indicating direction

Example:
- Westward (Adv): Towards the west.
- Homeward (Adv): Towards home.

18
Q

-wise

Example: crosswise, stepwise, endwise, edgewise, otherwise

A

Function: Makes adverbs.
Meaning: indicating manner or ‘from the point of view of’

Example:
- Clockwise (Adv): Moving around in the same direction as the hands of a clock
- Likewise (Adv): Acting in the same; in a similar way.

19
Q

anti-

Example: antitrust, antisocial, antidepressants

A

Meaning: Against

Example:
- Antibacteial (Adv): againsts (kills) bacteria.
- Antipollution (Adv): againsts (stop) pollution.

20
Q

bi-

Example: bicycle, bipolar, bipartisan, bilateral

A

Meaning: Two

Example:
- Bilingual (Adj): Two languages
- Binoculars (Noun): An instrument with two small telescopes fixed together, that makes objects that are far away seem nearer.

21
Q

counter-

Example: counterproductive, counterfactual, counteract

A

Meaning: in opposition to

Example:
- Counterbalance (Adj): in opposition to balance.
- Counter-attack (Verb): to make an attack in response to the attack of an enemy.

22
Q

en-

Example: endanger, entrust, encourage, encircle, enable

A

Function: Make verbs from nouns:

Example:
- Endanger (Verb): to put somebody/something in a dangerous situation.
- Entrust (Verb): to make somebody responsible for doing something or taking care of somebody

E.g.: He entrusted the task to his nephew.

23
Q

ex-

Example: ex-husband, ex-president, ex-boss

A

Meaning: out, moving away, was…

Example:
- Ex-boyfriend (Noun): to put somebody/something in a dangerous situation.
- Ex-president (Verb): A person who was the president.

24
Q

fore-

Example: forefront, foreground, forecast

A

Meaning: in front of
Example:
- Forehead (Noun): in front of the head.
- Foresee (Verb): To see something in the future.

25
**inter-** *Example: interpersonal, intergroup, interrelated, intermarriage*
**Meaning**: between, back and forth Example: - Intercultural (Adj): between cultures. - Intergroup (Adj): between cultures.
26
**mid-** *Example: imidwest, midday, midway, midterm*
**Meaning**: middle Example: - Midsummer (Noun): in the middle of the summer. - Midweek (Noun): in the middle of the week.
27
**mis-** *Example: misleading, misunderstood, misuse, mismanagement*
**Meaning**: wrong Example: - Misuse (Verb): to use something wrongly. - Misunderstand (Verb): to understand something wrongly.
28
**post-** *Example: postwar, postmodern, postgraduate*
**Meaning**: After Example: - Postwar (Noun): After war. - Postgraduate (Noun): After graduate
29
**semi-** *Example: semicircle, semiconductor, semigloss*
**Meaning**: Half Example: - Semi-final (Noun): Half the final - Semi-automatic (Adj): Half automatic
30
**un-** *Example: undo, uncover, unlock, undress, unload*
uncover**Function**: With verbs indicating reversal of an action Example: - Undo (Verb): Not do something - Uncover (Verb): No cover