Level 1 Flashcards
입니다
Define noun “to be”
은/는
Preceding noun is the subject
입니까?
Question form of 입니다
이/가 아닙니다
Negative form of 입니다
습니다/습니까?
State action or state
이/가
Indicate subject
이/그/저
Refer to a person or object (this/that/that over there)
지 않습니다
Negative form of 습니다
에 있어요
Indicate that an object or person exists
은/는
Contrast 2 pieces of information
도
Also (add info). Can be appended to 에
과/와
Combine 2 nouns that have the same qualification
어요/아요 (?)
Less formal than 습니다
에
Indicate time
에 가요
Indicate movement to some place
에서
Indicate place where the action is taking place
이에요/예요
Less formal than 입니다
이/가 아니에요
Negative form of 이에요/예요
을/를
Preceding word is DO
안
Used in front of verbs to create negative form. Less formal situations.
고
Connect 2 situations or facts in a sentence. Descriptive verbs.
우/오
Descriptive verbs that end in ‘ㅂ’ changes to that
지만
Connect 2 thoughts that contradict each other
았/었/했어요
Past tense of 아/어요
고
State events that happened in order. Action verbs.
고 싶어요
State what the speaker wants. Action verbs.
고 싶어 하다
State what a 2nd or 3rd person wants. Action verbs.
어서/아서
State events in order. 었/았 not used with it.
(으)ㄹ 거예요
Talk about future plans
(으)ㄹ까요?
Ask the other party’s opinion about an action and whether they would like to do it together
어요/아요
Tell the other party to do something together
(으)니까
State a reason
(으)세요
Instruct the other party to do something
어서/아서
State a reason. Past marker not used.
(으)러 가요
Give a reason to go somewhere
(으)ㄹ까요?
Ask the other party on something that has yet to be decided. Often used when asking something politely.
(으)ㄹ 거예요
Make a guess on an event not happened or something the speaker does not know about.
(으)ㄴ Noun
Preceding descriptive verb describes following noun. Present tense.
ㅎ다 + 으
ㅎ drops out
ㅎ다 + 아/어
ㅎ drops out + ㅣ
에게
Target of action
께
Target of action (formal)
한테
Target of action (colloquial speech)
어/아 주세요
Make a request politely
(으)로
Indicate that noun is a way or method (by)
(으)세요 (?)
Used when explaining or asking something showing respect to the subject of the sentence and the action takes place in the present.
에서/부터 까지
From - to/until (Starting point and destination/Start and finish time).
(으)로
Indicate direction (towards)
는
Preceding action verb describes following noun. Action in present.
ㄹ irregular verb + ㅅ, ㄴ, ㅂ
ㄹ removed
(으)ㄴ
Preceding action verb describes following noun. Action takes place in the past.
(으)ㄹ
Preceding action verb describes following noun. Action takes place in the future.
(으)면
Condition
(으)ㄹ게요
Indicate willingness and commitment to do the preceding action. Used with 1st person and more in speech than writing.
(으)ㄴ 후에
Describe an action that takes place after another (“and after”)
기 전에
Describe an action that takes place before another (“before, then”).
(으)ㄹ 때
Indicate the time when an action or state occurs (“when”)
Some verbs ending in ㄷ + vowel
ㄷ changes to ㄹ
는데/(으)ㄴ데
Preceding verb is contrasted with the following one (but, compared to) (Positive – Negative)
보다
Preceding noun is compared to the following one. Commonly used with 더, 덜. (Compared to)
